Chapter 9.1 - The Skeletal System Joints

joint (articulation)

point where two bones meet

articulation

joint

arthrology

study of joint structure, function, and dysfunction

biomechanics

study of movements and mechanics in the body

kinesiology

study of musculoskeletal movement

bony joints

synostosis joints

bony (synostosis) joint characteristics

immovable joint

two bones ossified together

occurs in infancy (ex mandibular bones) through old age (ex first rib to sternum)

fibrous joints

synarthrosis or synarthrodial joints

fibrous (synarthrosis or synarthrodial) joint characteristics

collagen fibers bind adjacent bones

little to no movement

3 types

types of fibrous (synarthrosis or synarthrodial) joints

sutures

gomphoses

syndesmoses

sutures

immobile or slightly movable joints of skull bones

classifications of sutures

serrate

lap (squamous)

plane (butt)

serrate sutures

interlocked

lap (squamous) sutures

overlapped

plane (butt) sutures

straight

nonoverlapped

gomphoses

tooth to socket

held in place by periodontal ligament

slight movement under stress of chewing

syndesmoses

long collagen fibers bind two bones

ulna-radius

tibia-fibula

cartilaginous joint

amphiarthrosis or amphiarthrodial joints

cartilaginous (amphiarthrosis or amphiarthrodial) joint types

synchondroses

symphyses

synchondroses cartilaginous joints

hyaline cartilage

ex first rib/sternum

symphyses cartilaginous joints

fibrocartilage

ex pubic symphysis, intervertebral discs

synovial joints

diarthrosis or diarthrodial joints

synovial (diarthrosis or diarthrodial) joint characteristics

varied mobility - freely moveable to limited mobility

most structurally complex

most likely to develop dysfunction

general anatomy of synovial (diarthrosis or diarthrodial) joints

articular cartilage

joint capsule

some contain fibrocartilage padding

articular cartilage in synovial joints

covers surfaces of bones that face each other

hyaline cartilage

joint capsule in synovial joints

encloses joint cavity - narrow fluid filled space

outer fibrous capsule

inner synovial membrane - produces synovial fluid - lubricant resembling raw egg white

fibrocartilage padding in synovial joints

some synovial joints contain

articular disc crosses capsule (ex jaw)

menisci of knee do not cross capsule

tendons

muscle to bone

ligaments

bone to bone

bursa

sac of synovial fluid

between adjacent muscles, bone, and skin, or tendons passing over bone

tendon sheath - elongated bursa

tendon sheath

elongated bursa

arthritis

inflammation of joint

most common crippling disorder in United States

osteoarthritis (OA)

most common form of arthritis

wear and tear

crepitus - crunching and cracking sounds of joints

affects 85% over age 70

crepitus

crunching and cracking sounds of joints

displayed in OA

rheumatoid arthritis (RA)

autoimmune disease

attacks the synovial membrane

ossification of degenerated cartilage

ankylosis - bones become solidly fused - immobilization

no cure

ankylosis

bones become solidly fused

immobilization

displayed in RA

joint prostheses types

arthroplasty

total hip replacement (THR)

porous-coated prostheses

arthroplasty

replacement of diseased joint

artificial disease

total hip replacement (THR)

first performed 1963

most common procedure for elderly

porous-coated prostheses

infiltrated with patient's bone

creates firmer bond