ARCH 545 - Housing Delivery Process in the Philippines

120 practice flashcards reviewing housing delivery, spatial planning, historical residential dwellings, government strategies, and housing statistics in the Philippines.

What percentage of the Philippine population is able to afford proper shelter?

Less than a third of the population.

How many people in Metro Manila are informal settlers according to the text?

3.1 million people.

Across what locations are informal settlers in Metro Manila distributed?

Government and private properties, danger zones, and infrastructure sites.

What three main obstacles hinder the Philippines from providing land security and housing for the poor?

Financial constraints, land availability, and unclear land use policies.

What are the two primary housing problems / social issues identified on slide 1?

Money and availability of land.

What causes high transaction costs in pro-poor land and housing programs?

Confusing and unclear land use policies.

What program suffers from non-cooperation of landowners, hampering pro-poor housing efforts?

Community Mortgage Program (CMP).

How do Local Government Units (LGUs) hamper pro-poor land and housing programs?

Through misinterpretation and/or non-implementation of policies.

Provision of land and housing to internally displaced persons (IDPs) is hindered by what two factors?

Natural hazards and armed conflicts.

What is the estimated total housing backlog for informal housing according to the lecture?

Over 3.7 million units.

What is Metro Manila's projected housing backlog?

Approaching 500,000 units.

What two strategies are necessary to address informal housing?

Significant land allocation and higher density housing strategies.

What is considered the fundamental long-term solution to homelessness and housing affordability?

Economic growth, by boosting household income and housing affordability.

What short-to-medium-term solutions are proposed for housing affordability and delivery?

Increasing housing credit availability, and reducing land and production costs.

What program serves as the country's comprehensive approach to aiding low- and middle-income families in securing affordable housing?

National Shelter Program (NSP).

Under what two categories of schemes does the National Shelter Program (NSP) encompass its efforts?

Direct Housing and Indirect Housing categories.

What is the main objective of the National Shelter Program regarding the private sector?

Aiming to engage the private sector in housing delivery and finance.

What legal mandate requires the government to provide decent and affordable housing?

The Philippine Constitution.

In what year was the National Shelter Program (NSP) established as the primary housing agenda?

1978.

What council was created to coordinate shelter agencies for NSP implementation as the management system evolved?

Housing and Urban Development Coordinating Council (HUDCC).

What umbrella organization was created in 1978 to oversee all shelter agencies evolved since the 1950s?

Ministry of Human Settlements (MHS).

Which agency is in charge of social housing production, specifically upgrading of sites and services?

National Housing Authority (NHA).

What is the main function of the Human Settlements Development Corporation (HSDC)?

Shelter production and New Town and Estate developments.

Which agency supports the HSDC and NHA in shelter production?

National Housing Commission (NHC).

What is the role of the Human Settlements Regulatory Commission (HSRC)?

Regulates subdivision development and socialized housing construction.

What does NPCC stand for under the MHS umbrella?

National Pollution Control Commission.

What does NEPC stand for under the MHS umbrella?

National Environmental Planning Council.

What is the function of the Housing Finance Corporation (HFC)?

Provides mortgage insurance or guarantees to encourage private banks and financial institutions to grant housing loans on easy terms of payment.

Which agency acted as a secondary market for housing mortgages?

National Home Mortgage Finance Corporation (NHMFC).

What is the Home Development Mutual Fund (HDMF) and what is its maturity period?

A provident savings fund maturing after 20 years.

What is one of the main focus pillars in the Philippine Development Plan 2017-2022?

Constructing secure communities.

What was the total population of the Philippines in 2015 according to Table 1?

100,979,303.

What was the total population of the Philippines in 2020 according to Table 1?

109,033,245.

What was the overall level of urbanization in the Philippines in 2015?

51.2%.

What was the overall level of urbanization in the Philippines in 2020?

54.0%.

What was the level of urbanization in NCR in both 2015 and 2020 according to Table 1?

100.0%.

What was the total population of NCR in 2020?

13,484,462.

What was the total population of Region IV-A in 2020 according to Table 1?

16,195,042.

Which region had the lowest level of urbanization in 2020 according to Table 1?

Region VIII (14.7%).

What was the level of urbanization in BARMM in 2020?

27.6%.

How is the level of urbanization calculated according to Table 1?

As the proportion of urban population to the total population ($\text{urban population}/\text{total population} \times 100$).

What percentage of households owned or had owner-like possession of house and lot in 2015?

55.3%.

What percentage of households owned or had owner-like possession of house and lot in 2020?

59.8%.

What percentage of households rented house/room including lot in 2020 according to Table 2?

10.2%.

What percentage of households owned house but rented lot in 2020?

1.8%.

What percentage of households owned house with a rent-free lot with owner's consent in 2020?

15.8%.

What percentage of households owned house with a rent-free lot without owner's consent in 2020?

2.8%.

What percentage of households lived in a rent-free house and lot with owner's consent in 2020?

9.3%.

What percentage of households lived in a rent-free house and lot without owner's consent in 2020?

0.3%.

What percentage share of Informal Settler Families (ISF) resided in Luzon in 2021?

63.2% (3,753,537 families).

How many Informal Settler Families (ISF) were located in Visayas in 2021?

1,028,442 families (17.3%).

How many Informal Settler Families (ISF) were located in Mindanao in 2021?

905,585 families (15.2%).

How many Informal Settler Families (ISF) were located in NCR in 2021 according to Figure 1?

255,116 families (4.3%).

What was the total national housing need (in number of units) as of December 2021 in Table 3?

6,658,349 units.

What was the total land needed for housing (in hectares) as of December 2021 in Table 3?

60,782.5 ha.

Which region had the largest housing need in units as of December 2021 according to Table 3?

Region IV-A with 1,378,589 units.

How much land in hectares is needed for housing in NCR as of December 2021?

23,288.0 ha.

What were the housing needs in units for NCR as of December 2021?

696,592 units.

Which region had the smallest housing need in units as of December 2021 in Table 3?

Region III with 25,123 units.

How many islands make up the Republic of the Philippines?

More than 7,000 islands.

What is the distance of the Philippines stretching from north to south?

1,851 km.

What percentage of the country's surface area is composed of the 11 largest islands?

96%.

Name the 6 named islands out of the 11 largest mentioned in the transcript.

Luzon, Mindanao, Mindoro, Samar, Leyte, and Cebu.

By what year was about half of the Philippine population living in urban areas?

By 1990.

Where do three quarters of the poor in the Philippines live?

In rural areas.

What percentage of the Philippine population is predominantly Christian?

93%.

Which autonomous region in Muslim Mindanao suffers underdevelopment according to page 2?

ARMM (Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao).

What are the three levels of the government administrative system in the Philippines?

1. Provinces and highly urbanized cities; 2. Cities (component cities) and municipalities; 3. Barangays.

What is the required annual income for a city (component city) in the Philippines?

At least 100 million Pesos.

What population or land area threshold is required for a city (component city)?

Population of at least 150,000 inhabitants or a contiguous territory of 100 sq km.

What are the population, land area, and annual income requirements for a municipality?

25,000 inhabitants, 50 sq km land area, and 2.5 million Pesos annual income.

What is the smallest administrative unit in the Philippines?

Barangay.

Under General public services, what is a provincial level responsibility?

Public buildings and facilities.

Under General public services, what is a municipal level responsibility?

Maintenance of Local justice facilities (Katarungang Pambarangay).

Under Public order and safety, what is a provincial level responsibility?

Provincial firefighting services; Traffic signs and regulation.

Under Public order and safety, what is an intermediate level responsibility?

Traffic control; Community Police.

Under Environment protection, what is a municipal level responsibility?

Support in beautification, solid waste collection and disposal.

Under Housing and community amenities, what is a municipal level responsibility?

Maintenance of water supply systems.

Under Health, what is a provincial level responsibility?

Regional hospitals with Emergency Medical Systems.

Under Health, what is an intermediate level responsibility?

Primary healthcare (medical centres); Preventive healthcare.

Under Education, which government level handles secondary education?

Provincial level.

Under Education, which government level handles pre-primary and primary education with school district?

Intermediate level.

What physical plan corresponds to the National level in spatial planning?

National Framework for Physical Planning.

What socio-economic plan corresponds to the National level in spatial planning?

Medium Term Phil. Dev't Plan.

What physical plan corresponds to the Regional level?

Regional Physical Framework Plan.

What socio-economic plan corresponds to the Regional level?

Regional Dev't Plan.

What combined plan corresponds to the Provincial level?

Provincial Development and Physical Framework Plan.

What physical plan corresponds to the City/Municipal level?

Comprehensive Land Use Plan.

What socio-economic plan corresponds to the City/Municipal level?

Comprehensive Dev't Plan.

What agency is responsible for the Medium-Term Philippine Development Plan and National Framework for Physical Planning?

National Economic and Development Authority (NEDA).

What agency is responsible for the Physical Framework Plan for Metropolitan Manila?

Metropolitan Manila Development Authority (MMDA).

What is spatial planning largely defined as in the transcript?

A public sector function to influence the future spatial distribution of activities, aiming to create rational territorial organization of land use and promote sustainable development.

What is the MTPDP?

Medium-Term Philippine Development Plan, a national program outlining policies the president wishes to institute during his term.

What is the role of NEDA in national development planning?

Coordinates with related agencies in formulating plans and drafts national development plans.

What is the function of the Regional Development Council (RDC)?

Decides how plans should be implemented at regional and municipality levels.

What strategy was set out in the Philippine Development Plan 2011-2016 to promote geographical accumulation of specific industries?

Industrial Cluster Strategy.

What past development outcome led to the creation of the Industrial Cluster Strategy?

Trickle-down jobless growth.

What are the four main periods in Philippine history and their durations?

Spanish Rule (1521–1898, 377 years), American Rule (1898–1946, 48 years), Japanese Occupation (1941–1946, 5 years), and Philippine Self Rule (1946–present, 78 years).

What traditional structure shown in this image was the first Filipino home?

Bahay Kubo (nipa hut).

What type of residential structure from the Spanish colonial era is shown in this image?

Bahay na Bato.