DAT 113- Ch.7-11 and 18 Book

Which acid is most commonly used to etch tooth structure for a bonding procedure?

Phosphoric acid

Bonding to enamel is achieved by what mechanism?

Micromechanical retention

Bonding to dentin by the etch-and-rinse technique is best accomplished when the dentin is kept what after etching?

Moist

Etch-and-rinse bonding resins chemically bond to what?

Composite resin

Self-etching bonding systems use what to etch tooth structure?

Acidic primers

After etching, the dentin surface should appear what?

Glistening

What is true about the smear layer?

It is a tenacious layer of cut tooth debris on prepared enamel and dentin

Which condition does NOT interfere with good bonding?

Moist dentin after rinsing and light drying

Which bonding system provides the greatest bond strength to enamel and dentin?

Three-step, two-bottle etch-and-rinse

The major components of composite dental materials include all except?

Bonding agent

Composite resins are commonly classified according to what?

Filler particle size

Which is NOT a shortcoming of flowable composites?

More difficult to polish

What is the purpose of a silane coupling agent?

Improve bond between filler particles and resin matrix

A curing light requires repair if what occurs?

A 2-mm composite increment does not cure through the bottom

How can polymerization shrinkage be minimized?

Place and cure small increments

Fillers are composed of all except?

Resin

Which statement about coupling agents is false?

They prevent filler from sticking to resin

Which does NOT increase wear of a composite restoration?

Saliva contamination of etched enamel

Which composite type should not be used in stress-bearing areas?

Microfill

Which composite has the lowest viscosity?

Flowable composite

Adding nanosized filler particles reduces what?

Polymerization shrinkage

Which composite is most difficult to polish?

Macrofill

Which composite generally shrinks the most?

Flowable composite

What is the major shortcoming of chemically cured composites?

Limited working time

A drawback of bulk-fill composites is?

Difficult to cure entire 4-mm increment

Which is NOT a common effect of polymerization shrinkage?

Death of the pulp

Which is NOT used to minimize polymerization shrinkage?

Rapid curing with a high-intensity light

One advantage of glass ionomer compared with composite is?

Fluoride release

Which statement about glass ionomer cement is false?

It is more esthetic than a microfill composite

Which is NOT an advantage of resin-modified glass ionomers?

Contain quartz fillers like composites

What must be done for glass ionomer to bond to tooth structure?

Remove the smear layer

Glass ionomer is NOT indicated for which use?

MOD restoration in an adult

Nano-ionomers do NOT have which property?

Greater strength than nanocomposites

What is true about compomers?

Compomers polish better than GICs

Compomers are closer in makeup to what?

Composite resins

Which material is NOT light cured?

Conventional glass ionomer cement

Which is NOT a use for bioactive dental materials?

Crown buildup

Feldspathic porcelain restorations have what advantage?

Great stain resistance

Porcelain bonds to metal by what mechanism?

Fusion with metal oxides

Main advantage of all-ceramic crowns over PFM crowns?

Superior esthetics

Main drawback of feldspathic porcelain crowns?

Tendency to fracture

Which is NOT an advantage of in-office CAD/CAM systems?

Local anesthesia is not needed

The basic color of a tooth is called?

Hue

When taking a shade, which should NOT be avoided?

Neutral wall colors

Which material can safely be used around ceramic restorations?

Acid etchant

A CAD/CAM crown impression is usually made how?

Optical scanner image

Initial porcelain layer applied to a metal coping?

Opaque porcelain

Porcelain stains are used to do what?

Mimic white spots and crack lines

Which statement about porcelain veneers is false?

They are usually cemented with zinc phosphate or glass ionomer

How should brightly colored clothing be managed during shade selection?

Cover with a neutral-colored bib

Strongest and most fracture-resistant ceramic?

Zirconia

Most opaque and least esthetic ceramic?

Zirconia

Incisal ceramic material should be what?

Translucent

Lightness or darkness of color is called?

Value

Which ceramic is not etched with hydrofluoric acid and may be sandblasted instead?

Zirconia

Porcelain veneers bonded with resin cement allow all except?

Whitening the tooth with acid etchant

When polishing ceramics, which practice should be avoided?

Use a coarse diamond bur for adjustments

Which is NOT a processing method for ceramics?

Cold curing

When photographing a shade tab, where should it be placed?

Same plane as the tooth being matched

Which amalgam component most reduces corrosion?

Copper

The two main components of amalgam are?

Silver and mercury

Why remove amalgam remnants before autoclaving instruments?

Heat releases mercury vapor

What factors affect amalgam strength?

All of the above

A properly mixed amalgam appears as?

A homogeneous mass with slight shine

How should scrap amalgam be stored?

In a sealed container

Copper reacts with which metal to reduce gamma-2 corrosion?

Tin

Mercury in amalgam raises concerns about what?

All of the above

Why has amalgam remained popular?

Economical, durable, and easy to manipulate

Best flooring for mercury hygiene?

Seamless vinyl

How does tarnish differ from corrosion?

Tarnish occurs only on the surface

Which amalgam mix has the least resistance to condensation pressure?

Spherical high-copper

Delayed expansion of amalgam results from water contamination of what?

Zinc

How should amalgam be polished?

Light pressure with water coolant

Amalgam is strongest under what force?

Compression

A properly placed matrix band extends how far above the adjacent marginal ridge?

3 mm

Which statement does NOT describe a properly placed wedge?

Wedge located just coronal to gingival margin of proximal box

Greatest mercury overexposure risk to dental staff comes from?

Inhaling mercury vapor

Fluoride helps protect teeth from decay by what mechanism?

Making the enamel more resistant to bacterial acids

What corrective measure can stimulate remineralization when enamel first begins to demineralize?

Use a daily rinse containing fluoride

What occurs when enamel is remineralized with fluoride?

The resultant remineralized crystal is more resistant to acids

What does fluorosis indicate?

The person has ingested more than the optimal amount of fluoride

Nightly home treatment with 1.1% sodium fluoride is indicated for which patient?

Elderly patients taking medications that cause dry mouth

What is sealant material?

An unfilled or lightly filled resin

What is a key requirement when placing a dental sealant?

The field must be kept dry

Who is the best candidate for a sealant?

A newly erupted tooth with numerous deep fissures

What happens if undetected caries is covered by a well-placed sealant?

Caries will stop progressing

Why are very small filler particles added to sealant material?

To decrease wear of the sealant

How is the tooth surface prepared before acid etching for sealant placement?

The surfaces are cleaned with pumice

Which acid is most commonly used to etch enamel for sealant placement?

Phosphoric acid

How close should the curing light tip be held to the sealant?

Very close, about 1 mm from the surface

After sealant placement, what should be checked?

The sealant surface, occlusion, and contact areas with adjacent teeth

What is the most common reason for early sealant loss?

Saliva contamination after acid etching

How should enamel appear after acid etching?

Frosty white

What does acid etching do to enamel?

Creates a roughened, irregular surface

What is the most important requirement for successfully bonding sealants to enamel?

Good isolation to prevent saliva contamination

In which teeth do pits and fissures most commonly develop caries?

Permanent molars

How does a sealant adhere to etched enamel?

Micromechanical retention

What is the main purpose of most desensitizing agents?

To plug the openings of exposed dentinal tubules

Which ingredient in silver diamine fluoride (SDF) causes staining?

Silver

How many SDF applications per year have been shown to arrest about 90% of caries?

Two