PUBL Midterm pt. 3

Competition

A government's decision about whether to adopt the policy is motivated by the desire of its officials to achieve an economic advantage over other jurisdictions, or to prevent other jurisdictions from securing an advantage over it

Coercion

• A more powerful government takes action that increases another government's incentive to adopt, or, in the extreme case, forces another government to adopt

  • Can be horizontal or vertical

Policy feedback

• Policies can be both outputs of the policy process as well as inputs into the process

• Policy shapes politics

• Policy -> Politics -> Policies

Policyscape

A political landscape densely laden with existing policies that were created at earlier points in time and that structure multiple dimensions of politics

Policy analysis

Predicts the most valuable approaches to solving social programs

Citizenship

• Citizenship: the rights, duties, and obligations imposed by government as well as citizens’ responses to them, including their political attitudes and participation 

  • Membership in the political community 

  • Status (standing) of citizens 

  • Identity

Multiple streams framework

the term used to describe JW Kingdon’s approach to the policy process, in which we can think of the politics, problem, and policy streams coming together in a “window of opportunity” for policy change

Problem stream

• The attributes of a problem and whether it is getting better or worse 

• Whether it has suddenly sprung into public consciousness through a focusing event 

• Whether it is solvable with the alternatives available in the policy stream

Policy stream

The potential ideas that could be advocated as solutions to a problem

Politics stream

Encompasses the state of politics and public opinion

Policy window

• open in the problem stream as a result of at least one of the following: change in indicators, focusing events, feedback

• If a condition threatens policymaker reelection it is more likely to open in the problem stream 

• open in the political stream as a result of at least one of the following: legislature changes, new government elections, interest group campaigns, or changes in the national mood

• “window of opportunity”

Policy entrepreneur

• An individual who presents a new solution or repackages an old solution in light of new occurrences, such as a focusing event 

  • Framing involves differential defining of the policy problems 

  • Venue shopping is the act of moving the place of debate 

  • Modes of operation refer to difference approaches to policy making