AP Human Unit 2 Vocab

Agricultural Density

The ratio of the number of farmers to the total amount of arable land

number of farmers / arable land = Agricultural density

Arithmetic Density

The total number of people divided by the total land area.

total population / total land area = Arithmetic density

Anti-natalist policies

Government programs designed to decrease the TFR and slow down population growth

Carrying Capacity

The maximum population size that the Earth can sustainably support without causing long-term damage or degradation

Cartogram

A map where regions are distorted to be proportional to a stastical value

Crude Birth Rate (CBR)

The total number of live births in a year for every 1,000 people alive in the society

Crude Death Rate (CDR)

The total number of deaths in a year for every 1,000 people alive in society

Demographic Transition Model (DTM)

A model showing the process of change in a society’s population from a condition of high CBR and CDR but a low NIR to a condition of low CBR and CDR but also a low NIR despite a high overall population

More Developed Country (MDC)

A country that has reached developed status due to factors like, high standard of living, DTM, education/healthcare availability, or more

Less Developed Country (LDC)

A country that is still in developing status because of factors like low standard of living, low DTM stage, education/healthcare unavailability, or more

Dependency Ratio

The number of people under age 15 and over age 64 compared to the number of people alive in the labor force

Ecumene

The portion of Earth’s surface occupied by permanent human settlement

Emigration/Immigration

Emigration - exiting a country

Immigration - entering a country

Epidemiological Transition Model (ETM)

A model showing the process of change in the distinctive causes of death in each stage of the DTM

Human Development Index (HDI)

Used to assess the development of a nation by measuring the well-being and health of humans through various categories like health, education, and standard of living

Infant Mortality Rate (IMR)

The total number of deaths in a year among infants under one year of age for every 1,000 live births in a society

Life Expectancy

The average number of years an individual is expected to live at birth, given by current social, economic, and medical conditions

Malthusian Theory

The theory created by Thomas Malthus in the late 18th century stating that because human populations grows exponentially and food supply grows arithmetically, humanity will eventually die if population growth is left unchecked

The percentage growth of a population in a year computed as the CBR minus the CDR

CBR-CDR / 10 = x.x%

Population Pyramid

A bar graph that represents the distribution of population by age and gender

Physiological Density

The number of people per unit area of arable land

total population / arable land = physiological density

Pro-natalist policies

Government programs designed to increase the TFR and accelerate population growth

Total Fertility Rate (TFR)

The average number of children a woman will have throughout her childbearing years

Zero Population Growth (ZPG)

A decline of the TFR to the point where the NIR equals zero

Overall Growth Rate (OGR)

The NIR plus migration rates

CBR - CDR + Net Migration / 10 = x.x%

Doubling Time

The average number of years it takes to double a population

70 / NIR or 70 / OGR