Biotechnology

What is the function of PCR?

Amplifies genes.

What is the process of PCR used for?

It produces many copies of a small specific sequence of DNA in the lab.

What is the use of gel electrophoresis?

Separated DNA fragments according to size.

What creates the fragments for gel electrophoresis?

Fragments are created using a restriction enzyme.

How does gel electrophoresis work?

DNA fragment samples are placed in wells of agarose gel, have negative charge, and move toward the positive end when electricity is applied.

Which DNA fragments travel farthest in gel electrophoresis?

The smallest fragments travel farthest.

What are the three biotechnology lab procedures that require both PCR and gel electrophoresis?

DNA sequencing, DNA profiling, Gene Cloning / Genetic engineering.

What is DNA profiling?

Individuals identified using their DNA profiles through PCR, restriction enzymes, and gel electrophoresis.

What two procedures are needed for the preparation of a DNA profile?

PCR and gel electrophoresis.

What are STRs?

STRs are long repetitive sequences of DNA, noncoding sequences unique to individuals.

What are the two uses of DNA profiling?

Paternity testing and forensic investigations.

What type of organism does the CRISPR enzyme come from?

Bacteria.

What is the original function of CRISPR Cas nucleases in bacteria?

To break down viral genetic material.

What are knockout genes used for?

Gene therapy, agriculture, disease modeling, and gene editing in microorganisms.

What appears as bands in gel electrophoresis?

All DNA fragments after separation.