Chem Capter 3 pt 1 notes

Chemical nomenclature

is the systematic way of naming chemical compounds

Chemical formulas

combined specific ratios elemental symbols and subscripts to represent compounds also known as as a formula unit. Compounds exist in different forms a covalent/molecular compound or ionic compound.

Chemical symbols

combined to give compounds. CO= carbon monoxide is made up of one carbon and one oxygen atom.

Subscripts

indicate how many of each element are present. CO2= one carbon and two oxygen.

If parentheses are present on a chemical compound

distribute the number outside the parentheses to the atoms inside the parentheses Ca(NO3)2 one calcium, two nitrogen, six oxygen

How many of each atom are in Al2(SO4)3

12 oxygen, two aluminum, three sulfur

Ionic compounds

3-D lattice atoms bonded in a repeating pattern. Metals and nonmetals or clusters of nonmetal atoms. Held together by ionic bonds. ex.) NaCl

Covalent/molecular compounds

exist as individual molecules. Are always nonmetals. Held together by covalent bonds. ex. CO

General naming rules

depends on the order of the elements. The first element's name is unchanged in the second element's name is altered with -ide, -ate, -ite.

Diatomic compound

two of the same atoms attached only seven and exist as gases. Naming: O2- oxygen gas or oxygen. Can refer to the element the same as it is written on the periodic table or put gas

Covalent/molecular compounds naming

nonmetals only the general rule is it always ends with -ide and uses Greek prefixes (memorize) ex. N2O3 dinitrogen trioxide. If there's only one of the first atom do not use mono. The second atom always uses a prefix. If the prefix ends in a/o an element starts with a vowel drop of the vowel. Exceptions- H2O=water and NH3= Ammonia

Ions

atoms that have a charge because they have gained or lost electrons.

Cations

lose electrons resulting in a positive charge in our formed from metals

Anions

gain electrons resulting in a negative charge formed from nonmetals.

Ion containing compounds

every ionic and acid compound contains ions. Split the compound the cation always comes first. Compounds must be neutral. (notes)

Monoatomic ions

one element with a charge. Determine the charge from the periodic table and the black line. Column gives a fixed charge shaded region. Our element is capable of multiple positive charges from 1 to 7. Exceptions- Zn 2+, Cd 2+, Ag+ have fixed charges

Cations

come from metals. First element name is unchanged and add ion. If capable of multiple charges, also use a Roman numeral to indicate the charge. ex. Na+ Sodium ion, Fe+ Iron (I) ion, Fe+2= Iron (II) ion