Art History Midterm

3 stages of the Stone Age in correct chronological order?

Upper Paleolithic, Mesolithic, Neolithic

Upper Paleolithic period

cave art, Stone tools, does not follow clear pattern, usage of walls and ceiling. Venus figures

Mesolithic

changing climate equals humans leave cave

Painted scenes follow order.

Figures are human stylized

Neolithic

transition from hunting and gathering to agriculture/architecture.

Ceramics to store food/specialized tools.

Megalithic monuments such as Dolmen and tholos tomb
owl; has to do with afterlife life

Dolmen

underground, funeral chamber made of vertical horizontal stones ending in sepulchral chamber

Tholos tomb

most common dolmen

Copper age

early, middle, late

Megalithic structure evolves.

Be culture.

Los Millares

Bell beaker culture

pottery is the shape of the bell.

First pan, European culture.

Damas (ladies) figurines

Los Millares

Los Millares

most prominent bell beaker culture on Iberian Peninsula

Agricultural society.

el argar

urban Society

Inherited from Los millares

Urban Society

separate buildings for each function

Pre-urban society

building does not have primary function it has multiple

Bronze Age

first urban societies on Iberian Peninsula

argaric culture, after el argar

Tholoi

argaric culture

navetas

talayots/talbots

taulas

Tholoi

type of dolmen from bronze age

Health collective tombs in central chambers with idols

Agaric culture

based on commerce

navetas

talayots

talbots

taulas

Navetas

funeral usage, tomb, resemble pyramid, rectangular floor plan, large rocks

Talayots/talbots

Walls protection, fortification, defense towers

Taulas

two large rocks formed T-shaped utilized rituals

cadiz

first city in Europe, founded by Phoenicians.

Off between prehistory and ancient history

Native groups

the Iberian is the biggest

Foreign groups

the Phoenicians, Greek, Carthaginians, Romans

ancient history

period between metal, allergic developments and arrival of outside civilization

Iberians

largest native group.

lintel system

tumulus

urbanized fortified cities

Iberian script.

Damas figures

animal figures

Celts (Celtiberians)

Castros

celtiberians

Jewelry

lintel system

two vertical stone support a horizontal one.

Rectangular floor plan

tumulus

construction style from bronze age

evolution of tholos

Iberian script

a language leader replaced by latin

damas

sculpture made of stone Iberians are most known for

castros

circular floor plan for houses made by cells

Citanias

large Castros put together type of village

celtIberians

celts and Iberians created new culture

verracos

verracos

animal shaped figures in countryside.

Cow/bull/male pigs

Phoenicians

first semantic civilization built on trade and sea travel

Originated from Lebanon, Palestine Israel

Founded earliest city Cadiz

Arrived for commercial reason instead of territorial conquest

They have a commercial rival, the Greeks

The Greeks

arrived for commercial economic reasons

Founded Ampurias City (shopping)

Named the local tribe, such as the Iberians and the peninsula

Were defeated against the Carthaginians

Carthaginianss

came from Carthage

Military presence, conquered, natives, and most of Peninsula

Punic wars with rome

Punic art

Punic art

art from Venetia.

Terra-cotta statues with oriental characteristics representing the goddess tanit

Ceramic/ornaments.

Of defensive wall constructed in town of Carmona

Roman art

Etruscan art + Greek art

Romanization.

Latino

Why did the Romans come here?

silver, olive oil.

Second Punic war

Romanization

began to live in Roman cities

Latino

referring to Roman world, Latin

Punic wars

1: to control Sicily

2: battle of Ilipia (beginning of Roman conquest of Iberia now called Hispania, slow process of Romanization)

Vias et milarius

vias: road

milarius: mile marker

All roads lead to Rome

Aqueduct

bridge that carries water.

Used for drinking water.

Rivers nearby were used for sewage

Greek influence on Roman art

sculpture as decorative art

Rectangular temple, parts and orders

Etruscan influence on Roman art

new order

Arch and vaults

podio (temple)

Decorative or fake columns on temple

Urban planning

Truscan Order

Column has a base

Etruscan influence

Doric Order

Column has no base

Greek influence

Ionic Order

Column has base

Capital has spiral scrolls

Greek influence

Corinthian Order

Capital is highly stylized.

romans Prefer this.

greek Influence

Basilica

the origin is a judicial center

• Parts: lateral aisles, central nave, apse, transept 

anciet rome: judicial center

paleo-christian world: church

romanesque: cathedral

gothic evolution