OCC 501 Block 1 Review

biomechanical frame of reference method

understanding or restoring musculoskeletal function

biomechanical frame of reference guided by

anatomy and kinesiology principles

biomechanical frame of reference OTPF approach

establish, restore OTPF intervention approach

biomechanical frame of reference used most with

restore underlying client factors like strength or ROM

rehabilitative frame of reference method

adapting and modifying environment or task, teaching compensatory strategies

rehabilitative frame of reference guided by

enabling participation with current abilities

rehabilitative frame of reference OTPF approach

modify OTPF intervention approach

rehabilitative frame of reference used most with

unlikely to restore strength or ROM, needs immediate results to function

WNL

within normal limits

WFL

within functional limits

kinetics

forces that cause or resist motion

kinematics

description of motion itself

osteokinematics

gross gross movement of bones in relation to one another

arthrokinematics

subtle joint surface motions during movement

agonist

muscle generates the most force to product movement

antagonist

muscle produces opposite movement, relaxes to allow primary action for agonist

synergist

muscle assists primary mover or stabilizes intermediate joints to isolate desired movement

open kinetic chain movement

end of chain is freely moveable

closed chain movement

end of chain is fixed against a surface

internal force

force that arises from the body's own structures, mobility or stability

external force

force from outside the body

tensile force

stretching in opposite directions

compressive force

pushing towards

shear force

sliding forces in opposite directions

resultant force

single force that represents the net product of two or more forces acting on the same structure

isometric contraction

contraction with no change in length

eccentric contraction

muscle lengthens, lowering with control

concentric contraction

muscle shortens, internal exceeds external force

torque

rotational force

first class lever

axis in middle

second class lever

resistance in middle

third class lever

effort in middle

mechanical advantage

effort arm / resistance arm

advantage first class

balance and stability

advantage second class

force

advantage third class

speed and ROM

mechanical advantage first class

over or under 1

mechanical advantage second class

over 1, effort arm always longer

mechanical advantage third class

less than 1, resistance arm always longer

with gravity

down

against gravity

up

across gravity

against surface

capital movements

flexion and extension

cervical movements

flexion, extension, lateral flexion, rotation

low mobility

thoracic

trunk movements

flexion, extension, lateral flexion, rotation

cervical protraction

capital extension and cervical flexion

cervical retraction

capital flexion and cervical flexion

capital flexion muscles

capital flexors

cervical flexion muscles

sternocleidomastoid, anterior scalene

capital extension muscles

capital extensors

cervical extension muscles

cervical extensors

cervical rotation muscles and sides

contralateral sternocleidomastoid, ipsilateral spelius

lateral cervical flexion muscles

sternocleidomastoid, scalenes

functions of truck muscles

movement, visceral protection, respiratory pressure, stabilization

trunk flexion muscles

rectus abdominis, internal and external obliques

trunk extension muscles

thoracic and lumbar erector spine

ipsilateral trunk rotation muscles

internal obliques

contralateral trunk rotation muscles

external obliques

lateral trunk flexion muscles

erector spinae, external and internal obliques

pelvic floor functions

visceral organ support, continence and elimination, intra-abdominal pressure, opposing diaphragm

ROSA

rapid office strain assessment, screening tool for an office work environment to identify exposure to high-risk workstations

posture

position of body parts in relation to one another

postural control

person's ability to maintain stability of body and body segments

base of support

area within boundaries of all body parts in contact with support surface

larger base of support means

greater stability

tools for increasing base of support

assistive devices like walkers or canes

center of gravity

imaginary point where body weight is evenly distributed in all directions

lower center of gravity means

greater stability

adults center of gravity location

anterior to S2

line of gravity

imaginary vertical line passing through center of gravity toward the ground

line of gravity represents

direction of gravitational force acting on the body

stability

ability to keep the center of gravity within the base of support

closer center of gravity to base of support means

greater stability

when body weight shifts, center of gravity moves

same direction and same extent as the movement

resistance arm when center of gravity moves outside base of support

resistance arm lengthens so increase torque and increased effort to control

center of gravity when carrying weight

shifts towards the direction of the added weight

balance

preventing falls by keeping center of gravity within base of support

order of balance strategies

ankle, hip, step, grasp

postural understanding importance

predicts mechanical stresses and movement strategies

2 pelvic landmarks

ASIS and PSIS

neutral pelvis

ASIS = PSIS

anterior pelvis tilt

PSIS higher than ASIS

posterior pelvic tilt

ASIS higher than PSIS

pelvic obliquity

lateral shift of pelvic in frontal plane, one side higher than the other, assessed by height of PSIS

importance of spinal curves (3)

resists compression, shifts to accommodate loads, keep each segment mass to line of gravity

plumb line head to toe

ear, anterior to shoulder, posterior to hip, posterior to knee, anterior to ankle

muscular support for posture

balanced low contractions of opposing muscle groups

kyphosis-lordosis pelvic tilt

anterior tilt

kyphosis-lordosis lumbar curve

increased lordosis

kyphosis-lordosis thoracic curve

increased kyphosis

kyphosis-lordosis head and neck

protracted and forward head

swayback pelvic tilt

posterior tilt

swayback pelvic position

decreased anteriorly in space

swayback elongated and weak muscles

hip flexors and abdominals

flat back pelvic tilt

posterior tilt

flat back lumbar curve

lordosis decreased

flat back thoracic curve

curve flattened

primary respiration muscle

diaphragm

accessory respiration muscles

external intercostals