History Unit 1 Study Guide Lucas

Renaissance

Rebirth of classical learning

Humanism

Study of classical Greek and Roman works; emphasis on human potential

Machiavelli

The Prince; political power and practical results over conventional morality

Gutenberg

Movable-type printing press

Renaissance art

Perspective

Wars of the Roses

Lancaster (red) vs. York (white)

Henry VII

Founded the Tudor dynasty after defeating Richard III in 1485

Habsburgs

Expanded their power through strategic marriages

Charles V

Holy Roman Emperor who fought Protestants

Erasmus

Christian humanist; The Praise of Folly

Thomas More

Utopia; executed for refusing to accept Henry VIII's break with Rome

Martin Luther

95 Theses in 1517; justification by faith alone

Peace of Augsburg

1555; German princes could choose Catholicism or Lutheranism

John Calvin

Predestination; Geneva

Henry VIII

Act of Supremacy (1534); established royal supremacy over the English Church

Elizabeth I

Protestant settlement and defeat of the Spanish Armada in 1588

Council of Trent

Catholic doctrine reaffirmed and internal abuses addressed

Jesuits

Founded by Ignatius of Loyola; education

Edict of Nantes

1598; granted French Protestants limited religious toleration