Unite 1B Test prep 2

What is the independent variable in this study?

the use or nonuse of the CPAP by participants

Which of the following is an appropriate conclusion based on the data in the table?

As age increases, the ability to detect higher pitches decreases.

Which of the following is the best conclusion based on the data in the table?

Participants in the Reward condition are more likely to report seeing a horizontal line even when there isn't one.

Dr. Schmidt's findings best support which of the following psychological concepts?

Weber's Law

An individual's ability to focus on a conversation in a noisy, crowded room is called

selective attention

 

When Alexus traveled to another country, she experienced jet lag and had trouble adjusting to the new time zone. Alexus' experience is most likely linked to which of the following concepts?

Circadian rhythm

 

During the night, Alicia stops breathing repeatedly, frequently gasps for air, and snores loudly at regular intervals. Alicia is most likely suffering from which of the following conditions?

Sleep apnea

  Bob is concerned because his children have been eating too much of an expensive breakfast cereal, so he brings home a less expensive version that looks and tastes exactly the same to him. His children immediately notice that the new cereal is less sweet. Which of the following concepts best explains the conflicting perceptions of Bob and his children?  

Difference threshold

  If Carmelita stares at a red spot for one minute and then shifts her gaze to a white piece of paper, she is likely to experience an afterimage that is  

green

  The change in the curvature of the lens that enables the eye to focus on objects at various distances is called  

accommodation

  Researchers conducted a correlational study during the winter season, which has shorter days and longer nights. The researcher asked about people’s experiences with depression-like symptoms, including feelings of tiredness and reduction in energy output. The researcher found that there was a positive correlation between the amount of daylight and depression-like symptoms. Which of the following statements best reflects how to interpret this correlational finding?   

The relationship between daylight and depressive symptoms may also be linked to a third variable.

  People who are color blind most likely have deficiencies in their  

cones

Ernie comes in from outdoors on a bright, sunny day and finds it to be very dark inside. Over the next few minutes, however, it becomes easier for Ernie to see inside. The perceptual process this scenario is describing is  

dark adaptation

  Alicia has a condition in which tiny crystals break loose and randomly touch and bend the hair cells in her semicircular canals. Which of the following is the most likely effect of this condition?  

Dizziness and loss of balance

Dr. Felder is studying whether the color of a drink impacts how a person experiences the taste of the drink. She has an orange-flavored liquid that she dyes either orange, purple, or blue, and gives it to participants to drink. She then asks them to describe the taste. Which of the following would best help her evaluate the impact of vision on taste?  

Create an additional control condition in which participants wear blindfolds while they taste the drink.

  The process of converting incoming physical energy into a neural code that can be processed is called  

transduction

  Damage to the occipital lobe would most likely affect a person’s  

vision

  Researchers randomly assigned 50 elementary school children to place a plug on their nose to limit their sense of smell. The children were then presented with a series of different foods and asked to rate the taste, texture, and intensity on a scale from 1 to 5. Another 50 children were randomly placed in a group with no nose plug and asked to rate the same food using the same scale. Using random assignment in this study can help with which of the following?  

Random assignment to groups would allow researchers to understand if the differences between groups was due to the independent variable (the nose plug).

  Which of the following concepts is depicted by the graph?  

Weber’s law

  Luz, a math major, sees the drawing below as a Venn diagram. Her brother, an art major, sees it as two circles. The difference in perception is an example of  

top-down processing

  The difference between divided attention and selective attention is that divided attention  

requires more automatic processing than selective attention does

 Dizziness is most closely associated with which of the following senses?  

Vestibular

  A researcher wants to examine how much information from waking life ends up in dreams. The researcher recruits 40 volunteers from a local community college to record the details of their daily activities. The participants will be given a sleep monitor that gently wakes them each time they end an REM cycle, after which they will complete a detailed dream diary. The study is planned to last for two weeks. Why would an institutional review board be hesitant to approve this study?   

The researchers are disrupting sleep for an extended period, which may cause harm.

  Ms. Harrison asks students in her psychology class to record how many hours of sleep they get every night and what they eat for breakfast. When the class looks at the data, they find that the fewer hours of sleep they get, the more they eat for breakfast. Which of the following is a limitation of self-report research?   

Self-report data is subject to the social desirability bias

  A psychological study to determine the harmful effects of sleep disruption asked a company to start an overnight shift without notice. Many of the employees began to have accidents while on the job. The researchers conclude that a sudden change in circadian rhythm causes an effect on job performance. What ethical concern may be present in this study?  

The employees did not provide informed consent and were not given the option to withdraw from the study.

  Professor Ahad has forty-three students in section one of the psychology classes she teaches and fifty-two students in section two. Section one meets at eight a.m. and, section two meets at one p.m. Professor Ahad gives all of her students the same final exam, and those in section two score significantly higher than those in section one. Professor Ahad concludes that her section one students are academically inferior to students in section two. The biggest problem with Professor Ahad’s conclusion is that  

time of day is a confounding variable in this scenario.

12, 3, 3, 4, 8 

Researchers collect data from five participants about the number of times they detected pressure applied to the back of their knee. The data are presented in the number set. What is the mean of the set of numbers? 

6

George was involved in an accident and experienced head trauma. Although his eyes were functioning normally, he was unable to see. Which area of the brain was most likely affected by the accident?  

The occipital lobe

A research group conducted a study investigating the connection between self-reported number of hours slept in a given week and scores on a happiness measure. Based on the scatterplot above, the group can report that there is

a positive correlation

  When Kaylee’s friends discovered she was going to have her tonsils removed, they told her she was going to be in a great deal of pain. After the surgery Kaylee reported that she was in a lot of pain, although most of her pain should have been alleviated by her pain medication. Given this scenario, which of the following best explains Kaylee’s reporting of pain?   

Top-down processing

Balance is influenced by the

semicircular canals

  The biological clock that operates in human beings to adjust their functioning to night-and-day periodicity is referred to as  

a circadian rhythm