MOD6 respiratory system p1

how is oxygen obtained in blood:

from air by diffusion across exchange surface in lungs

what are functions of respiratory system:

provide area for gas exchange between air and circulating blood

move air to and from exchange surface of lungs

produce sounds

detect odours through nasal cavity

name structures of upper respiratory system:

nose, nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, and pharynx

name structures of lower respiratory system:

larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli

what is the conducting portion of respiratory tract:

from nasal cavity to larger bronchioles

what is the respiratory portion of respiratory tract:

smallest respiratory bronchioles and alveoli

define alveoli:

air filled pockets within lungs

where all gas exchange takes place

after air enters nostrils where does it pass:

passes nasal vestibule

explain nasal hairs:

in epithelium of nasal vestibule

trap large particles in air

explain nasal septum:

divides nasal cavity into left and right sides

explain anterior portion of nasal cavity:

hyaline cartilage that supports dorsal of nose and apex of nose

explain superior portion of nasal cavity:

olfactory region that provides sense of smell

function of mucus in nose:

clean and moisten nasal cavity

where does air flow after vestibule:

to chonae

through superior, middle and inferior nasal meatus

what are meatus:

narrow passageways that produce air turbulence to:

• trap particles in mucus

• warm and humidify incoming air

• bring olfactory stimuli to olfactory receptors

explain hard palate:

floor of nasal cavity

separates nasal and oral cavities

explain the pharynx:

chamber shared by digestive and respiratory systems

explain the oropharynx:

connects directly to oral cavity

explain laryngopharynx:

between hyoid bone and entrance to larynx and oesophagus

after chonae, where does air flow:

pharynx: extension of chonae

to larynx

explain glottis:

slit like opening between vocal cords

explain the thyroid cartilage and cricoid cartilage of the larynx:

both hyaline cartilage

thyroid: forms anterior and lateral walls of larynx

• anterior wall is the Adams apple

cricoid: forms posterior portion of larynx

explain the epiglottis:

elastic cartilage that covers glottis when swallowing

name 3 pairs of hyaline cartilage in larynx:

arytenoid cartilage

corniculate cartilage

cuneiform cartilage

explain function of corniculate and arytenoid cartilages:

opening and closing of glottis

production of sound

explain ligaments of larynx:

vestibular ligaments protect delicate vocal folds of glottis

vocal folds: vocal cords

how is sound produced:

when air passes through glottis it vibrates vocal cords, producing sound waves

what happens to arytenoid cartilage during sound production:

repositioned by voluntary muscles

controlling tension and altering pitch of sounds

how is speech produced:

phonation: sound production at larynx

articulation: sound modification with lips, tongue and teeth