epithelial and connective tissues

What is the main function of epithelial tissue? :: Covers surfaces in contact with air or fluid.

What is found between epithelial cells? :: Fluid.

What does epithelial tissue sit on? :: A fibrous basement membrane.

What determines epithelial tissue classification? :: Cell shape and number of layers.

What does "simple" mean in epithelial tissue? :: One layer of cells.

What does "stratified" mean in epithelial tissue? :: Multiple layers of cells.

What is the main function of simple squamous epithelium? :: Diffusion.

What does simple squamous epithelium look like? :: Flat cells with elongated, horizontally oval nuclei.

Where is simple squamous epithelium found? :: Lungs and capillary beds.

What is the main function of simple cuboidal epithelium? :: Absorption and secretion.

What does simple cuboidal epithelium look like? :: Cube-like cells with spherical nuclei.

Where is simple cuboidal epithelium found? :: Nephron of the kidney.

What is the main function of simple columnar epithelium? :: Absorption and protection.

What does simple columnar epithelium look like? :: Tall cells with elongated, vertically oval nuclei.

Where is simple columnar epithelium found? :: Intestinal tract and renal system.

What do goblet cells secrete? :: Mucus.

What is the function of cilia? :: Sensory functions and movement.

Where is ciliated epithelium found? :: Trachea, bronchi, and upper respiratory tract.

What does pseudostratified columnar epithelium look like? :: Appears multilayered because cells are different sizes.

What happens to nuclei in pseudostratified columnar epithelium? :: Nuclei change position based on cell height.

What is the main function of pseudostratified columnar epithelium? :: Movement due to cilia on the apical surface.

Where is pseudostratified columnar epithelium found? :: Respiratory and reproductive systems.

What are examples of pseudostratified columnar locations? :: Fallopian tubes and epididymis.

Why is stratified epithelium useful? :: It handles mechanical force and hostile environments.

What is the main function of stratified squamous epithelium? :: Protection.

Where is stratified squamous epithelium found? :: Epidermis.

What does stratified squamous epithelium contain? :: More than one layer of squamous cells.

What is the main function of stratified cuboidal epithelium? :: Protection.

Where is stratified cuboidal epithelium found? :: Tubular structures of the renal system.

What does stratified cuboidal epithelium contain? :: More than one layer of cuboidal cells.

What is the main function of stratified columnar epithelium? :: Protection.

Where is stratified columnar epithelium found? :: Urethra.

What does stratified columnar epithelium contain? :: More than one layer of columnar cells.

What is the main function of transitional epithelium? :: Changes shape and returns to its original shape.

Where is transitional epithelium found? :: Bladder.

What does transitional epithelium look like when relaxed? :: Dome-like cells with circular nuclei.

What happens to transitional epithelium when stretched? :: Cells flatten and nuclei elongate.

What is the main function of connective tissue? :: Connects and reinforces anatomical structures.

What are all connective tissues derived from? :: Mesenchyme.

What do all connective tissues have? :: Cells suspended in extracellular matrix.

What makes up extracellular matrix? :: Ground substance and fibers.

What is ground substance? :: Everything lying between connective tissue cells.

What are the two states of ground substance? :: Viscous or liquid.

What type of ground substance does cartilage have? :: Gel-like ground substance.

What type of ground substance does bone have? :: Solid ground substance.

What determines the function of connective tissue? :: Extracellular matrix.

What are the three types of connective tissue fibers? :: Collagen, elastic, and reticular.

What is collagen's main property? :: High tensile strength; hard to break.

What does collagen also allow? :: Distribution of force.

Where is collagen found? :: Ligaments and tendons.

What is elastin's main property? :: Very stretchy; can return to its original shape.

Where is elastin found? :: Aorta.

What are reticular fibers? :: Branched, interwoven collagen fibers forming a mesh.

Where are reticular fibers found? :: Lymph nodes.

What do -blasts do? :: Build tissue.

What do -cytes do? :: Maintain tissue.

What do -clasts do? :: Break down tissue.

What do basophils and mast cells release? :: Histamine.

What do macrophages do? :: Eliminate cellular debris and pathogens.

What is the main function of areolar connective tissue? :: Supports, cushions, nourishes, and fills spaces.

Where is areolar CT found? :: Earlobe and under basement membranes.

What cells are found in areolar CT? :: Fibroblasts, adipocytes, mast cells, mesenchymal stem cells, and macrophages.

What fibers does areolar CT contain? :: All three fiber types, loosely organized.

What type of ground substance does areolar CT have? :: Viscous.

What is the main function of adipose CT? :: Stores lipids, traps heat, absorbs force, and protects.

Where is adipose CT found? :: Visceral and subcutaneous fat.

What cells make up adipose CT? :: Adipocytes.

What fibers does adipose CT contain? :: Reticular fibers.

What type of ground substance does adipose CT have? :: Viscous.

What is the main function of reticular CT? :: Provides protection and support through mesh-like structures.

Where is reticular CT found? :: Lymph nodes.

What cells are found in reticular CT? :: Fibroblasts and leukocytes.

What fibers does reticular CT contain? :: Reticular fibers.

What type of ground substance does reticular CT have? :: Gel-like.

What is the main function of dense regular CT? :: Tolerates force in one direction.

Where is dense regular CT found? :: Tendons and ligaments.

What cells are found in dense regular CT? :: Fibroblasts.

What fibers are found in dense regular CT? :: Collagen fibers running in one direction.

What type of ground substance does dense regular CT have? :: Viscous.

What is the main function of dense irregular CT? :: Tolerates force in more than one direction.

Where is dense irregular CT found? :: Dermis.

What cells are found in dense irregular CT? :: Fibroblasts.

What fibers are found in dense irregular CT? :: Collagen fibers running in multiple directions.

What type of ground substance does dense irregular CT have? :: Viscous.

What is the main function of dense elastic CT? :: Tolerates force and can stretch and return to its original shape.

Where is dense elastic CT found? :: Aorta.

What cells are found in dense elastic CT? :: Fibroblasts.

What fibers are found in dense elastic CT? :: Elastic fibers.

What type of ground substance does dense elastic CT have? :: Viscous.

What is the main function of hyaline cartilage? :: Strong but flexible; helps bones move smoothly.

Where is hyaline cartilage found? :: Costal cartilage, synovial joints, epiphyseal plates, and trachea.

What cells are found in hyaline cartilage? :: Chondrocytes and chondroblasts.