Film Chapter 5

cinematography

photography of frame

contrast

comparative difference between the darkest and lightest areas of frame

exposure

regulates how much light passes through the camera lens

tinting

dipping developed film into a bath of dye - lighter areas get color

tone

adding dye during developing - darker areas get color

grader

alters the color range of the print

colorist

color expert for film

ramping

varying the film rate during shooting

lens

does what you eye does - controls amount of light

focal length

distance from center of lens to point where light converges to focus

wide angle lens

<35 mm

middle/angle lens

= 50 mm

long/telephoto lens

>100 mm

zoom lens

enlarges some of the shot

focus

clear on a thing

depth of field

rnage of distances within which objects are in sharp focus

deep focus

lens w/ shorter focal length w/ higher light for more depth of field

racking/pulling focus

focus is altered within a shot

superimposition

images are laid over one another

rear projection

project footage on a screen and put actors infront

matte work

setting on film combined with actors on film strip

framing

creating the look of the shot

aspect ratio

ratio of frame width to frame height

academy ratio

1.37:1

masking

putting black curtains around image when projected

anamorphic process

squeezing the image horizontally

masks

things to block passage of light to camera

iris

moving circular mask that opens or closes to reveal a scene

split screen

having multiple images on screen

angle

view of frame position: straight on, high angle, low angle

canted/dutch angle

tipped to one side or the other - creates disrupted effect

height

level at which camera sits

XLS

extreme long shot - lost subject

LS

long shot - background dominates still

MLS

medium long shot - knees up

MS

medium shot - waist up

MCU

medium close up - chest up

CU

close up - shoulders up

XCU

extreme close up - isolates portion of face

pan

movement that swivels camera on an axis

tilt

movement that rotates the camera on an axis

tracking or dolly shot

the whole camera changes position

crane shot

camera moves above ground level

dolly

heavy cart that moves the camera

body mounted camera units

exactly what it sounds like

handheld camera

camera anchored on shoulder

reframing

changing the positioning and content of the frame

long takes

unusually lengthy shots

sequence shot

one whole scene in one take

creep

small forward movement of a camera