Plant Tax Lab 8, 9 and 10

Family Brassicaceae (habit, leaves, FF, infl, fruit, common name)

habit: herbaceous

leaves: variable, typically alt., lobed → compound

FF: *, 4, 4, 4(taller)+2(shorter), 2 (fused and superior)

infl: raceme

fruit: silique or silicles

common name: mustard family

Genus Raphanus (family, leaves, fruit)

Family Brassicaceae

leaves: (typically) basal, simple (basal) → compound (as the leaves move up/cauline)

fruit: silique (but indehiscent)

Genus Ribes (family, common name of family, habit, leaves, armaments, infl, FF, fruit

Family Grossulariaceae

Family Common Name: currants or goosberries

habit: shrubs

leaves: alt, simple, palmately lobed

armaments: gen. prickles (on stem, leaves, petioles, fruits)

infl: raceme, gen. pendant

FF: *, 5, 5, 5, (hypanthium), 2 (inferior and fused)

fruit: berry

*ribes have no stipules*

Genus Viola (family, common name of family, habit, leaves, FF, nectaries, fruit)

Family Violaceae

common name of family: violets

habit: herbaceous, basal rosette

leaves: often cordate

FF: X, 5, 4(normal)+1(spur), 3(normal+2(produce nectary), 3 (fused and superior)

nectaries: nectaries are produced from filament tissue

fruit: 3-parted capsule, dehiscent

Genus Acer (family, habit, leaves, flowers, fruit, common name)

Family Sapindaceae

habit: woody

leaves: opposite, palmately lobed

flowers: pendant, reduced, catkin

fruit:schizocarp (samaroid)

silique

fruit with two fused carpels with the length being more than three times the width

*unique to Family Brassicaceae

-dehiscent/opens up → septum with fruit/seeds + valves that come apart → leave behind septum = persistent septum

silicles

fruit having two fused carpels with the width being more than the length

-found in Family Brassicaceae

hypanthium

fusion between lowest 3 whorls

-found in Family Grossulariacaea, Genus Ribes

catkin

a slim, cylindrical flower cluster, with inconspicuous or no petals, usually wind-pollinated

-found in Family Sapindaceae, Genus Acer

family? genus? family common name?

Family Violaceae

Genus Viola

(family) common name: Violets

family? genus? family common name?

Family Grossulariacaea

Genus Ribes

Family common name: currant or gooseberries

family? family common name? genus?

Family Brassicaceae

Family Common name: Mustard

Genus: Raphanus

family? family common name? genus?

Family Brassicaceae

Family Common name: Mustard

Genus: Raphanus

family? family common name? genus? fruit type?

Family Brassicaceae

Family Common name: Mustard

Genus: Raphanus

-indehiscent silique

family? family common name? genus?

Family Brassicaceae

Family Common name: Mustard

Genus: Raphanus

family? family common name? genus?

Family Grossulariaceae

Family Common name: currants or gooseberries

Genus: Ribes

family? family common name? genus?

Family Grossulariaceae

Family Common name: currants or gooseberries

Genus: Ribes

family? family common name? genus?

Family Grossulariaceae

Family Common name: currants or gooseberries

Genus: Ribes

family? genus? common name?

Family Sapindaceae

Genus: Acer

common name: maple

family? genus? common name? fruit type?

Family Sapindaceae

Genus: Acer

common name: maple

-schizocarp (samariod)

family? genus? common name?

Family Sapindaceae

Genus: Acer

common name: maple

family? genus? common name?

Family Sapindaceae

Genus: Acer

common name: maple

family? family common name? genus?

Family Violaceae

Family Common name: violets

Genus Viola

family? family common name? genus?

Family Violaceae

Family Common name: violets

Genus Viola

family? family common name? genus?

Family Violaceae

Family Common name: violets

Genus Viola

family? family common name? genus?

Family Violaceae

Family Common name: violets

Genus Viola

family? family common name? genus?

Family Violaceae

Family Common name: violets

Genus Viola

what type of ovary? hypanthium present or absent? if present, what type?

-superior ovary

-no hypanthium

-all parts gen. unfused, at least won’t come off in one piece

what type of ovary? hypanthium present or absent? if present, what type?

-superior ovary

-hypanthium present

=perigynous

(can be syncarpous or apocarpous; Most Rosaeceae)

what type of ovary? hypanthium present or absent? if present, what type?

-inferior ovary

-hypanthium present

=epigynous

*always will be syncarpous (ex: apple)

Family Rosaceae (common name, FF, habit, always have…sometimes have…)

common name: Rose Family

FF: *, 5, 5, infinite (hypanthium between the three), 1-inifnite

habit: herb to tree, vary widely

ALWAYS:

-hypanthium

-serrate or dentate margins

-have stipules

-leaves always alt in arrangement

SOMETIMES:

-armaments = gen. prickles (ex: roses)

-poisonous compounds

-compound leaves

Family Onagraceae (common name, habit, leaves, perianth, ovary, unique __, thread with_)

common name: Primrose Family

leaves: simple for architecture, arrangement is variable (whorl, alt, opp)

perianth: 4 parted (4 sepal, 4 petal)

ovary: inferior (usually really long tube-shaped hypanthium)

*sometimes long threads with pollen

*unique stigma lobes, very pronounced, obvious stigma lobes, sometimes long and curly

Crassulaceae (common name, habit, leaves, FF, fruit)

common name: stone crop family

habit: herbaceous to woody

leaves: simple, succulent (“fleshy”)

FF: *, 5, 5, 5 or 10, 5 (apocarpous, superior)

fruit: agg. of follicles

Genus Fragaria (family? common name? habit? leaves? hypanthium shape? fruit?)

Family Rosaceae

common name: strawberry

habit: herbaceous

leaves: basal rosette, alt., trifolioliate (compound with 3 leaflets)

hypanthium shape: shallow hypanthium

fruit: agg of achens, ecological berry/ecofruit

Genus Prunus (family? common name? habit? leaves? hypanthium shape? fruit?)

Family Rosaceae

common name: cherry, peach, almond, etc.

habit: shrub to tree

leaves: simple, with extrafloral nectary

hypanthium shape: deeply cup-shaped

fruit: drupe

Genus Rosa (family? common name? habit? leaves? hypanthium shape? fruit?)

Family Rosaceae

common name: Rose

habit: shrubs

leaves: pinnately compound, alt.

hypanthium shape: vase/urn-shaped

fruit: agg of achenes

Genus Rubus (family? common name? habit? leaves? hypanthium shape? fruit?)

Family Rosaceae

common name: blackberry, raspberry, thimbleberry, salmonberry, etc.

habit: shrub/herb

leaves: palmately compound leaves

hypanthium shape: shallow/plate shaped, small

fruit: agg of drupes

family? genus? common name?

family Rosaceae

genus Fragaria

Strawberry

family? genus? common name?

family Rosaceae

genus Fragaria

Strawberry

family? genus? common name?

family Rosaceae

genus Fragaria

Strawberry

family? genus? common name(s)?

family Rosaceae

genus Prunus

cherry, peach, almond

family? genus? common name(s)?

family Rosaceae

genus Prunus

cherry, peach, almond

family? genus? common name?

family Rosaceae

genus Rosa

Rose

family? genus? common name?

family Rosaceae

genus Rosa

Rose

family? genus? common name?

family Rosaceae

genus Rosa

Rose

family? genus? common name(s)?

family Rosaceae

genus Rubus

blackberry, raspberry, salmonberry

Family? genus? common name(s)?

family Rosaceae

genus Rubus

blackberry, raspberry, salmonberry

family? genus? common name(s)?

Family Rosaceae

Genus Rubus

blackberry, raspberry, salmonberry

family? family common name? common name of specific flower?

Family Onagraceae

Primrose Family

Fuchsia

family? family common name? common name of specific flower?

Family Onagraceae

Primrose Family

Fuchsia

family? family common name?

Family Onagraceae

Primrose Family

family? family common name?

Family Onagraceae

Primrose Family

family? family common name?

Family Crassulaceae

Stone Crop Family

family? family common name?

Family Crassulaceae

Stone Crop Family

family? family common name?

Family Crassulaceae

Stone Crop Family

family? genus? common name? superior or inferior ovary? what type of hypanthium?

family rosaceae

genus prunus

cherry, peach, almond

superior ovary = perigynous hypanthium

family? genus? common name? superior or inferior ovary? what type of hypanthium?

family rosaceae

genus rosa

rose

inferior ovary = epigynous hypanthium

Family Asteraceae (habit? fruit? infl?)

habit: any

fruit: achene sometimes called cypsela (family specific)

inflor: head

capitulum

another term for “head” inflor type

radiate head

1. ray flower

2. disc flower

3. anthers

4. pappus

5. stigmas

6. palea

7. peduncle

8. receptacle

9. bracts (singular = phyllary, collective = involucre)

Radiate flower

ray flower + disk flower (ONLY)

palea

bract that is sometimes attached at base of ovary where it is attached to receptacle

*no palea = epaleate

pappus

modified calyx (thus makes flower = inferior ovary)

“fluffy stuff” attached to ovary

phyllary and involucre

bracts on receptacles in Family Asteraceae

phyllary = singular

involucre = plural

Ray flowers (petals? bi or unisexual? FF?)

-only 3 fused petals

-pistillate flowers (no stamens, only have gynoecium)

-stigma (partially fused) comes out of small opening at base of ray flower (2 lobed)

FF: X, 0/pappus, 3 (fused), 0, 2 (fused and inferior)

disk flowers (bi or unisexual? stamen fusion? FF?)

-bisexual flower (androecium and gynoecium)

-anthers fused to each other, filaments free, 5 stamens) (part fused, part not hence dotted line over stamen in FF)

-stigma = 2 lobed

-FF: *, 0/pappus, 5 (fused), 5 (dotted line over), 2 (inferior and fused)

discoid head

if you only had disk flowers on whole head

linguliflorous head

only lingulate flowers

lingulate flowers (shape? number of lobes? stamen location/look? bi or unisexual? FF?)

-long and strap shaped

-5* lobed petals

-same stamens as disk flower but in similar opening as ray flower

-bisexual flowers

-use symmetry and how corolla looks to tell apart

FF: X, 0/pappus, 5 (fused), 5 (dotted), 2 (inferior and fused)

what type of head?

radiate head (ray + disk flowers)

what type of head?

radiate (ray + disk)

what type of head?

discoid (disk flowers only)

what type of flower?

disk flower

what type of head?

linguliflorous head (lingulate flowers only)

what type of flower?

lingulate flower

pappus types

-absent

-scales

-awns

-bristles (smooth, barbed, or plumose)

what type of pappus?

absent pappus

what type of pappus?

pappus of scales

what type of pappus?

pappus of smooth bristles

what type of pappus?

pappus of barbed bristles

what type of pappus?

pappus of plumose bristles

what type of pappus?

pappus of awns

what type of involucre?

one series, equal

-one one row (series)

-all relatively same height (equal)

what type of involucre?

two series equal

what type of involucre?

two series unequal

-can have 3, 4, 5, etc. series of unequal

-equal in row, but unequal compared to other series/rows

what type of involucre?

graduated

-can’t tell which is coming from what row (tend to be unequal, hard to tell series #)

Family? Genus? common name?

Family Asteraceae

Genus Achillea

Yarrow

Family? Genus? common name?

Family Asteraceae

Genus Achillea

Yarrow

Family? Genus? common name?

Family Asteraeceae

Genus Taraxacum

Dandelion

Family? Genus? common name?

Family Asteraceae

Genus Taraxacum

Dandelion

Family? Genus? common name?

Family Asteraceae

Genus Cirsium

Thistle

Family? Genus? common name?

Family Asteraecea

Genus Cirsium

Thistle

1. paleae (chaff)

2. cypselas (achenes)

3. disk corollas

Genus Cirsium (family, common name, leaves, head type, number of series on receptacle, phyllaries special characteristic, palea present or absent, pappus type)

Family Asteraceae

common name: Thistle

leaves: gen. spiny, toothed, larger leaves deeply lobed

head: discoid (disk flowers only)

receptacle with many series, 5-20 layers of phyllaries

outer and middle phyllaries spine-tipped

palea: absent (epaleate)

pappus: pappus of plumose bristles

Genus Achillea (family, common name, type of capitulum/head, flower types, pappus present or absent, palea present or absent, involucre type)

Family Asteraceae

common name: yarrow

capitulum: radiate head

flowers: disk + ray flowers

pappus: absent (epaleate)

palea: present

involucre: graduated (3-4 series, unequal)

Genus Taraxacum (family, common name, type of capitulum/head, flower types, pappus present or absent, palea present or absent, involucre type)

Family Asteraceae

common name: dandelion

capitulum: linguliflorous head

flowers: lingulate flowers only

pappus: pappus of bristles

palea: absent (epaleate)

involucre: inner - 2 series, equal; outer - reflexed, curved outward/downward