FOOL midterm

list the key parts of outdoor leadership

communication, decision making, empathy, confidence, outdoor skills, risk awareness, physical fitness, experience, patience, adaptability, teamwork, organization, calm under pressure, responsibility, problem solving, calm under pressure

Tuckman’s model shows how a group of strangers turns into a powerhouse team. It breaks down team growth into five simple steps:

forming, storming, norming, preforming, adjourning

forming

Everyone is polite, a bit nervous, and trying to fit in. No one knows their job yet.

storming

people argue over ideas and who is in charge

norming

the team settles their differences,agrees on rules, trust each other

preforming

team hits its stride. They work fast, smart, and get great results with very little drama

adjourning

project ends. The team celebrates its success and splits up to join new projects.

The event cycle

1. Visioning (Before)

   • Set the goal: Decide the purpose of the trip and what participants can handle.

   • Plan and assess: Check the weather, route, terrain hazards, and gear needed.

   • Prepare the group: Screen participants for health, skill level, and readiness.

2. Group Management (During)

   • Lead the group: Use the right leadership style for the terrain and situation.

   • Watch for changes: Keep an eye on fatigue, cold/heat, and changing weather.

   • Adapt the plan: Change routes or turn back early if safety margins drop.

3. Debriefing (After)

   • Reflect with the team: Discuss what went well, what was hard, and what was learned.

   • Evaluate leadership: Check how safety protocols were followed and how decisions held up.

   • Improve for next time: Use lessons learned to plan the next trip better.

Kolbs learning cycle

active experimentation, concrete experience, reflective observation, abstract conceptualisation

each part of kolbs cycle in detail

• Active Experimentation (Testing): You try out a new strategy or plan to see what happens.

  • Simple terms: Testing a fix.

• Concrete Experience (Doing): You physically take part in an activity or go through an event firsthand.

  • Simple terms: Having the experience.

• Reflective Observation (Reviewing): You pause after the event to look back and think about what actually went down.

  • Simple terms: Thinking about what happened.

• Abstract Conceptualization (Learning): You make sense of your observations and figure out the general rule or takeaway for next time.

  • Simple terms: Making a rule from it.

which map scale is ideal for hiking

1:50,000

maslows law western definition meanings

• 1. Physiological Needs (Basic Survival).

• 2. Safety Needs (Security & Stability)

• 3. Love and Belonging Needs (Social Connection)

• 4. Esteem Needs (Respect & Recognition)

• 5. Self-Actualization (Reaching Your Potential)

maslows law indigenous perspective

• Self-Actualization (Foundational Baseline): Knowing who you are and using your natural gifts from day one—seen as the starting point, not the end goal.

• Community Actualization: Taking care of basic needs, safety, and well-being together through sharing, teamwork, and supporting the group.

• Cultural Perpetuity (Breath of Life): Passing down traditions, language, land connections, and values so the community thrives for future generations.