How to Structure an Essay

follow a basic structure

следовать базовой структуре

Example: Essays should follow a basic structure: introduction, body paragraphs, and conclusion.

clearly state the main topic

четко излагать основную тему

Example: The introduction should clearly state the main topic of your essay.

in a logical order

в логическом порядке

Example: Arrange your body paragraphs in a logical order to make your argument clear.

go into specific detail

вдаваться в конкретные детали

Example: General paragraphs should come before those that go into specific detail.

support an argument

поддерживать / аргументировать тезис

Example: Group together all the points that support an argument before presenting counterarguments.

challenge an argument

оспаривать / подвергать сомнению тезис

Example: Present points that challenge an argument to show a balanced perspective.

summarise the main points

подводить итоги основных положений

Example: The conclusion should summarise the main points discussed in the body paragraphs.

give a final thought

выразить финальную мысль

Example: End your essay with a strong sentence that gives a final thought.

organise into clear separate paragraphs

организовать на четкие отдельные абзацы

Example: You should organise the whole essay into clear, separate paragraphs.

move on to a new point

переходить к новому тезису / пункту

Example: Start a new paragraph whenever you move on to a new point.

indent (extra space)

красная строка / абзацный отступ

Example: This extra space, known as an indent, is rarely used in modern online writing

balanced perspective

взвешенная / объективная точка зрения

descriptive essay

описательное эссе

Example: A descriptive essay presents facts about a problem without giving personal opinions.

opinion essay

эссе-мнение

Example: In an opinion essay, you must support your views with reasons and examples.

discussion essay

эссе-дискуссия

Example: A discussion essay requires you to analyze two different sides of an argument

problem-solution essay

эссе «проблема — решение»

Example: You propose effective ways to fix an issue in a problem-solution essay.

opposing argument

противоположный аргумент

Example: You can include an opposing argument before reaching your final conclusion.

advantages and disadvantages

преимущества и недостатки

Example: The middle body paragraphs examine the main advantages and disadvantages.

most effective solution

самое эффективное решение

Example: Explain why your proposal is the most effective solution to the problem.

provide a series of facts

приводить ряд фактов

Example: The article provides a series of facts to describe modern family structures.

make a statement

сделать утверждение

Example: It is common to make a statement at the beginning of an introductory paragraph.

examine

She picked up the knife and examined it closely.

state the topic

сформулировать тему

Example: The introduction should clearly state the topic and explain why it is important.

give your own opinion

выражать собственное мнение

Example: In a descriptive essay, you do not have to give your own opinion.

support your opinion

поддерживать свое мнение

Example: Provide clear reasons and examples to support your opinion.

say which side is stronger

сказать, какая сторона сильнее

Example: After comparing both arguments, you must say which side is stronger.

look at two different sides

рассматривать две разные стороны

Example: Discussion essays look at two different sides of an idea.

suggest different ways to fix it

предложить различные способы исправить это

Example: You describe a problem and suggest different ways to fix it.

explain which solution is best

объяснить, какое решение является лучшим

Example: Then you explain which solution is best for the problem.

make a statement at the beginning

сделать утверждение в начале

Example: The text starts by making a statement at the beginning

no solutions are suggested

никакие решения не предлагаются

Example: In this type of text, no solutions are suggested by the author.

vice versa

наоборот

provide a brief overview

дать краткий обзор

Example: The introduction should provide a brief overview of the main arguments.

back up that point

подкрепить / аргументировать эту мысль

Example: Use supporting details to back up that point clearly.

reflective comment

End the conclusion with a reflective comment to engage the reader.

encourage the reader to think

побуждать читателя задуматься

Example: Good essays encourage the reader to think about the topic deeply.

initial statement

исходное утверждение / вводный тезис

Example: The first sentence of a paragraph usually forms the initial statement.

this is demonstrated by

это подтверждается / демонстрируется тем, что...

Example: Interest in starting families is dropping, as this is demonstrated by lower birth rates.

reasons and consequences

причины и последствия

Example: Transitional words help connect reasons and consequences in writing.

expand on the initial statement

подробно раскрывать / расширять исходное утверждение

Example: Supporting sentences expand on the initial statement with more context.