Transfemoral gait deviations prosthetic causes

Medial whip

. Externally rotated prosthetic knee axis

. socket too small/poor shape

. Poor suspension or rotation control of socket

Lateral whip

. Internally rotated prosthetic knee axis

. socket too small/poor shape

. Poor suspension or rotation control of socket

Unstable knee (loading)

. Knee axis anterior to ground reaction force

. Heel too hard

. Unaccommodated hip flexion contracture

. Knee mechanism not working

Unstable knee (terminal)

•Knee axis is too anterior to ground reaction force at toe off

•Excessive dorsiflexion

toe lever too soft

Abducted gait

Pain or discomfort in medial socket area

Prosthetic too long

Incorrect socket abduction/adduction

Insufficient lateral support of femur

Unaccommodated hip abductor contracture

Lateral trunk lean

Abducted socket

Short prosthetic

Excessive heel rise

Insufficient knee flexion resistance

Terminal impact

Insufficient extension resistance in swing

Excessive extension assist

Circumduction

Pistoning

Long prosthetic

Insufficient flexion of prosthetic knee

Vaulting

Prosthetic too long

Unoptimised swing phase control

Pistoning

Socket volume issues

Excessive plantarflexion of prosthetic foot