Chapter 5 Terminology

Human Rights

Rights and freedoms belonging to all humans equally to protect dignity and promote equality and well-being.

Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR)

A 1948 UN document establishing universal rights and freedoms for all people everywhere.

Civil and Political Rights

First-generation rights protecting individuals from government interference, such as speech, religion, and fair trials.

Economic and Social Rights

Second-generation rights requiring governments to provide education, healthcare, work opportunities, and social security.

Solidarity Rights

Third-generation rights requiring international cooperation for development, peace, a healthy environment, and self-determination.

Universalism

The belief that all people possess the same human rights everywhere, regardless of culture or nationality.

Cultural Relativism

The belief that human rights should be interpreted according to a society's culture, traditions, and values.

State Sovereignty

A country's authority to govern itself and control internal affairs without outside interference.

International Criminal Court (ICC)

A permanent court established by the 1998 Rome Statute to prosecute genocide, war crimes, and crimes against humanity.

Nongovernmental Organization (NGO)

A private organization with a public mission that operates independently from governments to protect human rights.