CHA Exam 1 In Class Review

Serum levels of this electrolyte increase when there is an increase of aldosterone

Sodium

• This electrolyte plays an important role in neuromuscular function. This includes skeletal and cardiac muscle activity.

• When this electrolyte is low, you should consult the provider before administering Digoxin.

• Acidosis causes high serum levels of this electrolyte.

Potassium

When this electrolyte is >3.0 mg/dL, the client can experience decreased DTRs, hypotension and depressed respirations.

Magnesium

•This electrolyte can be elevated in the serum with thiazide diuretics and metastatic malignancy.

•Common treatment includes IV fluids and encouraging the patient to ambulate.

Calcium

We also see elevated Ca levels with

hyperparathyroidism

When this electrolyte is chronically low, the client should avoid foods high in calcium.

phosphorus

This type of fluid is used to treat both hypernatremia and hyponatremia.

isotonic fluid

This is one of the first symptoms that a nurse should assess for in a client experiencing FVE from excessive hypertonic solution.

Crackles in the lungs (lung sounds)

This disease process results in a decrease in cortisol and aldosterone.

Addison’s disease

ere is cortisol and aldosterone released from?

Adrenal glands

What does the decrease in cortisol and aldosterone cause?

Increased sodium excretion resulting in increased water excretion.

This type of pressure pulls fluid from the interstitial space into the intravascular space. It also exerts pressure to keep fluid in the intravascular space.

Oncotic pressure

Ascites is treated with this type of fluid.

Albumin 25% bc it adds more protein to the intravascular space, pull fluid into the intravascular space from the peritoneal space where there is fluid build up (3rd spacing)

A burn victim will show signs and symptoms of this type of imbalance.

hypovolemia

This lab value indicates the true level of active calcium in the body.

ionized calcium

This is the priority assessment when caring for a client with hyperkalemia.

This priority assessment is apical pulses/cardiac rhythm monitoring.

This is the maximum rate that potassium chloride should be administered through a peripheral IV.

This rate is 10 mEq/hr.

These two electrolytes have increased absorption in the intestines when Vitamin D is in active form.

Calcium and phosphorus

This is a common respiratory compensatory mechanism that occurs with metabolic acidosis.

Kussmaul’s respirations

What are Kussmaul’s respirations?

deep, labored breathing pattern that allows lungs to expel more acidic CO2

A client experiencing diarrhea is at risk for this type of acid-base disorder.

metabolic acidosis

A client experiencing a PE is at risk for developing this acid-base disorder.

Respiratory alkalosis

The treatment for DKA.

insulin and isotonic fluid bolus

This is an assessment finding specific to infants that are experiencing fluid volume deficit.

depressed fontanels

This is the best way to measure fluid volume in a patient.

I & O (specifically urine output)

This organ releases hydrogen ions and reabsorbs bicarbonate to maintain a stable pH.

kidney

Renal calculi is causes by this electrolyte imbalance.

hypercalcemia

what happens to the vessels when a patient has a large burn surface?

vasoconstriction to increase cardiac output