English Vocabulary and Grammar Review

Comprehensive practice flashcards covering vocabulary, idiomatic collocations, synonyms, and grammatical structures from the lecture notes.

In addition + S + V

Used as a connector meaning 'besides' or 'furthermore' (ngoài ra, thêm vào đó).

In addition to + N/V-ing

Prepositional phrase followed by a noun or gerund meaning 'besides' or 'apart from' (ngoài việc…).

Prior to

Before an event or a specific point in time (trước một sự kiện/thời điểm); followed by a noun or V-ing; synonymous with 'before' and 'ahead of'.

Modal V (can/could/may) + adv + Vo

Sentence structure where an adverb is placed between a modal verb and the base verb.

last vs. lasting

'Last' is an adjective meaning final or concluding (cuối cùng, sau cùng); 'lasting' is an adjective or participle meaning enduring or permanent (lâu dài, bền vững).

be intended to V

To be planned, designed, or used for a specific purpose (được dùng để làm gì).

role in sth/doing sth

The function or involvement in an activity or purpose (vai trò trong việc làm gì).

Close down

To shut down or stop operating; go out of business (đóng cửa, phá sản).

Consider

To take into account or think carefully about something (cân nhắc).

Oversee

To supervise or monitor operations or individuals.

Continuously

Without interruption; constantly or consistently (liên tục).

Reduce

To decrease, diminish, or decline in size, amount, or degree (giảm).

Precisely

In an exact manner; correctly or accurately (chính xác).

Greatly

To an enormous extent; significantly or remarkably (rất nhiều).

Solicit

To gather, collect, or ask for information, support, or funds (thu thập).

Increase

To go up or grow in size, quantity, or degree.

Obtain

To gain, achieve, or get possession of something (có được, đạt được).

Furthermore

In addition to what has been said; moreover (hơn nữa).

Cautiously

In a careful and guarded manner; meticulously or carefully (cẩn thận).

Compensate for

To make up for something (followed by a Noun or V-ing; bù đắp).

Whoever

Any person who; anyone who (bất cứ ai).

Cooperative

Willing to work together; collaborative.

Restrict

To place limits on something; limit.

Diligent

Hardworking, industrious, assiduous, persistent, dedicated, conscientious, meticulous, and tireless (chăm chỉ, siêng năng).

Objective vs. Subjective

Antonyms meaning unbiased/fact-based (khách quan) versus personal/opinion-based (chủ quan).

Initiative vs. Passive

Antonyms meaning taking proactive action (chủ động) versus being inactive or submissive (bị động).

Insurance / Assurance / Guarantee

Terms related to providing security, coverage, or certainty (bảo hiểm, đảm bảo).

Fixed

Set firmly in place; unchanged (cố định).

be dedicated to V-ing

Committed or devoted to doing something (tận tâm/hết lòng làm gì đó).

As chief + [position]

Serving in the official capacity of a title or leadership role (với tư cách là [chức vụ]).

Wish to + V

Desiring or wanting to perform an action (muốn gì đó).

Neither

Not the one nor the other of two things or people (cả 2 đều không).

Rather than

Instead of; indicates a preference or choice between options (chứ không, e.g., A rather than B).

As though

Conjunction synonymous with 'as if' (như thể).

Rest assured that + S + V

An expression used to reassure someone; meaning 'be confident that' (Hãy yên tâm rằng).

Be sorry to + V

Expressing regret or sorrow regarding an action or fact (rất tiếc, lấy làm tiếc).

Padded case

A protective, durable case with cushioned lining (lớp đệm, hộp bảo vệ bền chắc).

Qualification

An official requirement, skill, or degree indicating capability (trình độ).

Over-the-counter

Medicines sold directly to a consumer without a prescription (ko kê đơn).

Cash register

A business device used for calculating and recording sales transactions (máy tính tiền).

As part of

Serving as a component, element, or member of something (như là).

Engage

To participate or become involved in an activity (tham gia).

Undergo

To experience or go through a process or change (trải qua).

Absorb

To take in or soak up energy, liquid, or information (hấp thụ).

Overwhelm

To overpower, inundate, or submerge completely (làm ngập, áp đảo).

The board of directors

An executive committee governing a company or organization (hội đồng quản trị).

Disruptive

Causing interruptions or turbulence in an event, activity, or process (gián đoạn).

Produce

As a verb: to manufacture or create; as a noun: agricultural crops or food products (sản xuất / nông sản).

Deduction

The action of subtracting or removing an amount; a subtraction (sự khấu trừ).

Duplication

The act or process of copying or reproducing something exactly (sự sao chép).

Declaration

A formal, explicit announcement or statement (sự tuyên bố).

Dedication

The quality of being committed to a task, duty, or purpose (sự cống hiến).

Lumber

Timber sawed into rough planks or boards (gỗ).

Nursery

A place where young plants and trees are propagated and grown (vườn ươm).

Burst with eye-catching colors year-round

Vibrantly displays striking and attractive colors through all seasons (rực rỡ với những màu sắc bắt mắt quanh năm).

Ambitious

Having or showing a strong desire and determination to succeed; requiring substantial effort (tham vọng, đòi hỏi nhiều nỗ lực).

Commemorative plaque

An engraved plate or tablet installed in memory of a person or significant event (tấm bảng kỉ niệm).

Milestone

A significant stage or event in the development of something (cột mốc).

Consensus

A general agreement or accord among a group of people (sự đồng thuận).

Commence

To begin, initiate, or start an activity or journey (bắt đầu, khởi hành).

Mosaic

A picture or decorative pattern produced by arranging together small colored pieces of stone, tile, or glass (tranh ghép, tranh khảm).

Wash up

Carried onto the shore or land by waves or water currents (sóng đánh dạt vào bờ).

Glassmaker

An artisan who crafts objects out of glass; a glassblower (người thổi thủy tinh).

Refracting Telescope

An optical telescope that utilizes lenses to form an image (kính thiên văn khúc xạ).

Flash-freeze

To freeze food or substances extremely rapidly at very low temperatures (cấp đông nhanh).

Sacrifice

Giving up something valued for the sake of other considerations (hy sinh, đánh đổi).

Real estate agent

A professional who represents buyers or sellers in property transactions (nhân viên môi giới bất động sản).

Relocate

To move to a new place to establish a home or business (di chuyển, chuyển đến nơi sinh sống/làm việc).

Like-minded

Having similar opinions, ideas, values, or interests (cùng chí hướng).