MMSC200: The Language of Medicine - Chapters 1-6

A comprehensive vocabulary review of medical word components (roots, prefixes, suffixes, combining vowels), basic construction rules, and fundamental combining forms from Chapter 1.

aden/o

Gland.

arthr/o

Joint.

bi/o

Life.

carcin/o

Cancerous, cancer.

cardi/o

Heart.

cephal/o

Head.

cerebr/o

Cerebrum.

cis/o

To cut.

crin/o

To secrete.

cyst/o

Urinary bladder.

cyt/o

Cell.

derm/o or dermat/o

Skin.

electr/o

Electricity.

encephal/o

Brain.

enter/o

Intestines.

erythr/o

Red.

gastr/o

Stomach.

glyc/o

Sugar.

gnos/o

Knowledge.

gynec/o

Woman, female.

hemat/o or hem/o

Blood.

hepat/o

Liver.

iatr/o

Treatment, physician.

leuk/o

White.

log/o

Study of.

nephr/o

Kidney.

neur/o

Nerve.

onc/o

Tumor.

ophthalm/o

Eye.

oste/o

Bone.

path/o

Disease.

ped/o

Child.

psych/o

Mind.

radi/o

X-rays.

ren/o

Kidney.

rhin/o

Nose.

sarc/o

Flesh.

sect/o

To cut.

thromb/o

Clot, clotting.

ur/o

Urinary tract, urine.

-ac

Pertaining to.

-al

Pertaining to.

-algia

Pain.

-cyte

Cell.

-ectomy

Excision, removal.

-gram

Record of information generated from an analyzer.

-itis

Inflammation.

-logy

Process of studying.

-ic

Pertaining to.

-oma

Tumor.

sub-

Under, below.

epi-

Upon, on, above.

hyper-

Excessive, above.

Electrocardiogram (Breakdown)

Composed of root electr (electricity) + combining vowel o + root cardi (heart) + combining vowel o + suffix -gram (record of information generated from an analyzer).

Subgastric (Breakdown)

Composed of prefix sub- (under) + root gastr (stomach) + suffix -ic (pertaining to).

Cell

the fundamental unit of all living thigns

Epithelial Tissue

covers the whole outer surface of the body and forms the linings of internal organs, is made up of tightly packed cells

Connective Tissue

Connective Tissue

A type of tissue include fibroblasts, adipocytes, and cartilage

Autoimmune disease

The body makes antibodies against its own healthy cells and tissues, causing inflammation and injury

Rheumatoid Arthritis

a chronic autoimmune and systemic inflammatory disease where the immune system mistakenly attacks the lining of the joints, causing painful swelling, stiffness, and eventual bone erosion

Symphysis

A joint in which

a joint in which the bony surfaces are united by a layer of

fibrocartilage

istologist

A scientist who specializes in the study of tissue

Systems

one or more organs working together to execute complicate functions

Cranial

Brain and pituitary gland

Thoracic

Lungs, heart, esophagus,

trachea, bronchial tubes, thymus gland, aorta

Abdominal

Stomach, small and large intestines, spleen, pancreas, liver, gallbladder

Pelvic

Portions of the small and large intestines, bladder, rectum, urethra, ureters; uterus and vagina in female

Spinal

Nerves of the spinal cord

9 Regions in Abdominolpelvic Cavity

Right and left hypochondriac, right and left lumbar, right and left inguinal, epigastric, umbilical, hypogastric

Achondroplasia

A type of dwarfism characterized by short limbs, a normal-sized head and body, and normal intelligence

PLAS

increase in the number of cells

Symphysis

a joint in which the boney surfaces are united by a layer of fibrocartilage

Sym

together, with

Anterior

front of body (ventral)

posterior

back of body (dorsal)

supine

laying on your back

prone

laying on your stomach

algia, dynia

pain

cele

hernia

centesis

surgical puncture to remove fluid

coccus (cocci)

berry-shaped bacterium

cyte

cell

Hernia

Protrusion of an organ through the cavity that normally contains it

Hiatal hernia

protrusion from the stomach or esophagus

Inguinalis

groin

omphalocele

hernia in umbilicus, navel

amniocentesis

withdrawal of the fluid that surrounds the embryo for chemical analysis, culture, and karyotyping

streptos

twisted

staphylos

bunch of grapes

Streptococcus/Staphylococcus

bacteria that grows in chains or in clusters

emia

blood condition

anemia

reduction in the number of erythrocytes or amount of hemoglobin in the circulation blood

tonsillitis

infected and inflamed tonsils

acromegaly

endocrine disorder, when the pituitary gland produces an excessive amount of growth hormone of completion of puberty

splenomegaly

occurs with excessive hemolysis (red blood cells are destroyed)

Blepharoptosis

drooping eyelids

laparoscopy

minimally invasive procedure of the abdominal cavity using a laparoscope

arteriole

small artery

Venules

small vein

Ischemia

loss of normal blood flow to a part of the body