articles

UN Charter Article 2(4)

Prohibits the use of force against the territorial integrity or political independence of any state.

Hague Regulations Article 23(b)

Prohibits the employment of arms, projectiles, or material calculated to cause unnecessary suffering.

Hague Regulations Article 25

Prohibits attacks or bombardments of undefended towns, villages, dwellings, or buildings.

Hague Regulations Article 27

Protection of buildings dedicated to religion, art, science, or charitable purposes, provided they are not used for military purposes.

Hague Regulations Article 46

Protects private property, prohibiting its confiscation.

Geneva Conventions Common Article 3

Prohibits violence to life and person, including murder, mutilation, cruel treatment, and torture.

Geneva Conventions Article 32

Prohibits measures causing physical suffering or extermination of protected persons.

Geneva Conventions Article 33

Prohibits collective punishment, pillage, and reprisals against protected persons and property.

Geneva Conventions Article 34

Prohibits the taking of hostages.

Geneva Conventions Article 49

Prohibits forcible transfers and deportations of civilians from occupied territory.

Geneva Conventions Article 48

Requires distinction between civilian and military objects.

Geneva Conventions Article 51(2)

Prohibits acts or threats of violence aimed at spreading terror among civilian populations.

Geneva Conventions Article 52(1)

Prohibits targeting civilian objects, providing general protection to them.

Geneva Conventions Article 85(3)

Defines grave breaches, including attacks on the civilian population or objects.

Art 55 of UN Charter

States that peace and security relate directly to human rights.

UNSC Resolution 688

Condemned the repression of Iraqi Kurds, linking internal human rights violations to international peace and security.