MED TERM CH10: diseases/disorders, specialists, & procedures

anemia

blood disorder in which there’s a deficiency of red cells/hemoglobin

viscosity

state of being thick, sticky, and easily coagulable

thrombosis

formation of thrombus

13.5/12.0

anemia is diagnosed when hemoglobin drops below blank g/dL in men or blank g/dL in women

iron deficiency anemia

ANEMIA: caused by lack of iron needed for Hgb production

sickle cell anemia

ANEMIA: genetic disorder causing RBCs to assume a crescent shape

aplastic anemia

ANEMIA: bone marrow condition causing insufficient RBC production

megaloblastic anemia

ANEMIA: involves deficiency of vitamin B12 and/or folate

pernicious anemia

ANEMIA: caused by poor GI absorption of vitamin B12

thalassemia anemia

ANEMIA: inherited condition impairing normal RBC maturation

pancytopenia anemia

ANEMIA: reduction of all blood components (RBCs, WBCs, & platelets)

hematoma

collection of pooled blood outside vessels from trauma

bruise (contusion)

caused by broken capillaries under skin

hemophilia

genetic bleeding disorder caused by deficient clotting factors

leukemia

cancer of the bone marrow marked by abundance of nonfunctional leukocytes

leukocytosis

excess WBC production

leukopenia

abnormally low WBC count

lymphoma

cancer where malignant lymphocytes collect in lymph nodes and organs

polycythemia

an elevated RBC count

polycythemia vera

a specific bone marrow disease causing excessive RBC production and high blood viscosity

thrombus

stationary blood clot trapped in fibrin

embolus

a clot fragment traveling through the bloodstream

embolism

a clot fragment is trapped blocking a vessel

thrombolysis

medical dissolution of a clot using “clot buster” drugs like tPA

thrombocytosis

high platelet count

thrombocytopenia

low platelet count

petichae/purpura

microscopic hemorrhages under the skin that do not lighten with pressure

hematologist

physician specializing in blood disorders

phlebotomist

professional trained to draw blood or perform transfusions

apheresis

procedure where specific blood components are removed while returning the rest to the donor

erythropheresis

double red cell donation

bone marrow aspiration

extraction of liquid marrow

bone marrow biopsy

removal of a solid tissue core

complete blood count (CBC)

a laboratory test measuring total blood cells, hematocrit, & hemoglobin

CBC with differential

includes specific percentages of each of the five types of white blood cells