Chemical Elements and Their Valences

Flashcards reviewing the valences and oxidation states of chemical groups and transition elements.

Grupo 1 (Alcalinos)

A chemical group consisting of Hidrógeno (H) with valences of $-1, 1$, as well as Litio (Li), Sodio (Na), Potasio (K), Rubidio (Rb), Cesio (Cs), and Francio (Fr), which all have a valence of $+1$ .Un grupo químico formado por Hidrógeno (H) con valencias de $-1$, así como Litio (Li), Sodio (Na), Potasio (K), Rubidio (Rb), Cesio (Cs) y Francio (Fr), que tienen todos una valencia de $+1$. Un grupo químico formado por Hidrógeno (H) con valencias de $-1$, así como Litio (Li), Sodio (Na), Potasio (K), Rubidio (Rb), Cesio (Cs) y Francio (Fr), que tienen todos una valencia

Grupo 2 (Alcalinotérreos)

A chemical group comprising Berilio (Be), Magnesio (Mg), Calcio (Ca), Estroncio (Sr), Bario (Ba), and Radio (Ra), all of which have a valence of $+2$.

Grupo 13 (Boroideos)

A chemical group including Boro (B), Aluminio (Al), and Galio (Ga) with a valence of $+3$, alongside Indio (In) and Talio (Tl) with valences of $+1, +3$.

Grupo 14 (Carbonoideos)

A chemical group containing Carbono (C) with valences of $-4, 2, 4$, Silicio (Si) with valences of $-4, 4$, and Germanio (Ge), Estaño (Sn), and Plomo (Pb) with valences of $+2, +4$.

Grupo 15 (Nitrogenoideos)

A chemical group composed of Nitrógeno (N) with valences of $-3, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5$, and Fósforo (P), Arsénico (As), Antimonio (Sb), and Bismuto (Bi), which all have valences of $-3, 3, 5$.

Grupo 16 (Anfígenos)

A chemical group consisting of Oxigeno with valences of $-2, 2$, and Azufre (S), Selenio (Se), and Telurio (Te), which share valences of $-2, 2, 4, 6$.

Grupo 17 (Halógenos)

A chemical group that includes Flúor with valences of $-1, 1$, as well as Cloro (Cl), Bromo (Br), and lodo with valences of $-1, 1, 3, 5, 7$.

Boro, Aluminio, and Galio (B, Al, Ga)

Elements of Grupo 13 (Boroideos) that each have an invariant valence of $+3$.

Indio and Talio (In, Tl)

Elements of Grupo 13 (Boroideos) that each exhibit valences of $+1, +3$.

Hierro, Cobalto, and Níquel (Fe, Co, Ni)

Transition elements (Elementos de Transición) that all share the valences of $+2, +3$.

Zinc and Cadmio (Zn, Cd)

Transition elements (Elementos de Transición) characterized by a single valence of $+2$.

Mercurio and Cobre (Hg, Cu)

Transition elements (Elementos de Transición) that both display valences of $+1, +2$.

Plata (Ag)

A transition element (Elementos de Transición) with a fixed valence of $+1$.

Oro (Au)

A transition element (Elementos de Transición) that possesses valences of $+1, +3$.

Hidrógeno (H)

An element in Grupo 1 (Alcalinos) possessing valences of $-1, 1$.

Carbono (C)

A Grupo 14 (Carbonoideos) element characterized by valences of $-4, 2, 4$.

Silicio (Si)

A Grupo 14 (Carbonoideos) element possessing valences of $-4, 4$.

Germanio, Estaño, and Plomo (Ge, Sn, Pb)

Elements of Grupo 14 (Carbonoideos) that share valences of $+2, +4$.

Nitrógeno (N)

A Grupo 15 (Nitrogenoideos) element that exhibits valences of $-3, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5$.

Fósforo, Arsénico, Antimonio, and Bismuto (P, As, Sb, Bi)

Elements of Grupo 15 (Nitrogenoideos) that all share common valences of $-3, 3, 5$.

Oxigeno

A Grupo 16 (Anfígenos) element that possesses valences of $-2, 2$.

Azufre, Selenio, and Telurio (S, Se, Te)

Elements of Grupo 16 (Anfígenos) that all share the valences of $-2, 2, 4, 6$.

Flúor

A Grupo 17 (Halógenos) element that possesses valences of $-1, 1$.

Cloro, Bromo, and lodo

Elements of Grupo 17 (Halógenos) characterized by valences of $-1, 1, 3, 5, 7$.