Persistancy and Latency - Practice Questions from LOs

How might we expect clinical signs in persistent infections to different from latent infections?

persist may have continuous, intermittent or absent, latent infections are typically absent of clinical signs

What are the three types of herpes infections?

Lytic, latent, reactivation

Which type of herpes infection is categorized by fusion with the cell membrane, transportation and genome release in nucleus, transription begins and virus assembles in the nucleus and buds through the cellular membrane, infectious virus is released by cell lysis

Lytic infection

Herpes infection can be latent via what mechanism?

The ability for the virus to initiate infection from the epithelial cells to the sensory neurons, and the sensory neurons are able to reactivate back to the cell

Viral DNA is in the episomes of neurons

Latent infection

Stimulated by stress, UV light, hormonal changes, age, malnutrition, etc

Reactivation

BIV, FIV, HIV, EIA, etc

Lentivirus

How do we test for EIA

Coggins test

How is EIA transmitted?

Iatrogenic via contaminated transfusions or needles, biting insects or transplacental

How do we control EIA?

Euthanize carriers or quarantine in insect proof barn

Latent in trigeminal ganglion, reactivated by stress, crowing, parturition, lactation

Feline Herpesvirus-1

Fever, anorexia, thrombocytopenia, weight loss, petechial hemorrhages in mucosae are signs of what?

Acute EIA

Lifelong persistent infection, recurrent episodes of anemia, cachexia, ventral edema

Chronic EIA

Tropism for CD4+/CD8+ T cells, prolonged asymptomatic undetectable viremia, antibodies are not neutralizing

FIV pathogenesis

How do you test for FIV?

Antibody tests

Older cat with unexplained illness, weight lost, wasting, unkempt case coat, leukopenia, anemia, chronic infections

FIV clinical signs

If you have a negative herpes test, does that mean herpes is not present?

No, negative tests may pop up when pathogens are low

Ways for pathogens to be persist or be latent?

Hidiung from the immune system, antigenic variation, immunomodulation, dormant stages