geology ( remind to make sure quiz questions are correct)

what is the average depth of the ocean

4 km (2.5 miles)

if all of the water from the atmosphere were condensed, how high would it be in inches on the surface of the earth

1 inch

what is a gulf

area mostly enclosed by land like a bay but considerably larger

what is the name of the place where the seafloor is spreading

mid ocean range

what is the thermocline

the ocean depth where temperature changes quickly

what drives ocean surface currents

the winds

what forces govern all of the ocean currents

gravity, coriolis, and friction

where does upwelling occur

along the western coastlines of continents and the equator

where are coral reefs generally located

30 degrees north and south in the ocean

where could you find an estuary

where the river meets the ocean

where do dead zones tend to occur

offfshore where there is high nutrient input from rivers or human activities

what direction is the ocean circulating in the subtropical north hemisphere near high pressure areas

clockwise

why does the water move in a clockwise direction

coriolis force

which direction do u think that water moves in the subtropical southern hemisphere

counter clockwise. gyres circulates in that direction

what would you expect the temperature of the equatorial current to be?

warm current

along the equator, the surface ocean currents flow from the east to the west along an almost straight line and do not rotate. why would these equatorial currents not spin like the subtropical gyres?

coriolis force goes to zero at the equator

photic zone

epepelagic zone

twilight zone

bellow 200 m

aphotic zone

no light

hadel zone

deepest part of the ocean 6,000 m (20000 ft)

the western equatorial pacific water temp

warmest water

antarctic water temp

largest body of cold surface water

arctic ocean temp

same water temp at the surface and at the depth

what characteristics are associated with this deep ocean current in the atlantic

cold and salty deep current

where do cold, salty waters descend in the ocean to form deep waters

labrador sea and near iceland

the garbage patches are made up of what?

micro plastics

the great pacific garbage patches is located where?

the pacific ocean between hawaii and california

which of the following is not an impact of garbage on the environment

new floating island are created providing new habitats for fish to live on top of f

large circular ocean currents in the ocean basins are called

gyres

how does most plastic get into the ocean

from rivers and streams flowing into the ocean

the shallow sloping areas of the seafloor near the continents are called

continental shelf

what ocean is mostly ice covered

arctic

what is a ring of coral reefs with an interior lagoon

atoll

what describes ocean water ali it’s at high latitudes

the salinity of ocean water is low near the surface and increases with depth at high latitudes

what are submarine mountain ranges

mid ocean ridges

what influences the flow of deep ocean currents

temp and salinity

earths ocean possess

97 percent of earths water

what direction do ocesan currents flow along the equator

flows east to west because the coriolis force is zero

what is not true about upwelling

occurs along eastern coast of continents

showing the greatest change in seawater ph

in the red by -0.4

is mostly enclosed by land like a bay but much larger

gulf

when does coral bleaching occur

when corals are stressed by higher than normal temperatures

does the great pacific garbage patch forms bc of what

ocean gyres

temperature profile of ocean water for the tropics

water temperature is higher near the surface than at depth

what isn’t true of most warm water reef building corals

they are tolerant of low salinity levels

what are flat plains on the ocean floor

abyssal plains

on the surface of this glass of water, what is there

there Is condensation

how many calories are required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of liquid water from 100 degrees celsius to 1010 degrees celsius

541

how many total calories would you have to remove to cool 2 grams of water vapor at 200 degree celsius to ice at -100 degrees celsius

1740 calories

Which of the following parts of the hydrological cycle occur exclusively on land?

Runoff, groundwater, and transpiration

Which process does not happen in the hydrologic cycle?

sublimation from plants. plants don’t exavporate ice

A way of describing humidity in millibars (mb) is termed ________.

vapor pressure

Which is likely to occur when the dew-point temperature is below freezing?

frost

Atmospheric humidity is measured with a _____

hygrometer

Most of the precipitation and evaporation on Earth takes place over the _____.

oceans

Where in the United States are dew-point temperatures typically highest?

in the southeast

water molecules attach tp each other through _____

hydrogen bonding

which is least likely to occur when the relative humidity is 100 percent

evaporation because air can’t hold any more water vapor

__________ expresses humidity as a percent.

relative humidity

After the oceans, __________ is/are the most important source of water vapor to the atmosphere.

plants

Imagine that you are a drop of water in the ocean, what path would you take in the water cycle? Select the correct sequence.

Evaporation, advection of water vapor, encounter a mountain, increase in elevation, colder temperature, condensation, precipitation, surface water, runoff, flows into the ocean.

heat required to take 1 gram of ice at -100 degrees C to vapor at 200 degrees C

solid= -50

melting- 0

liquid= 50

evaporation= 100

gas = 150

Hydrogen bonding results from the fact that ______.

the hydrogen end of a water molecule is positively charged and the oxygen end is negatively charged.

convergent lifting

ITCZ

orographic lifting

green windward slope

conventional lifting

summer thunderstorms in florida

frontal lifting

air masses with different characteristics

Which sequence presents the process of collision and coalescence in the right order?

condensation nuclei—cloud droplets—collision and coalescence—raindrops

Advection fog forms when __________.

air moves over a cold surface like an ocean, lots of fog on bridge

evaporation fog

forms over water as water vapor is added to the air via evaporation until the air is fully saturated.

valley fog

forms in cool valleys, dark sunset picture no water

radiation fog

forms at night under cold and calm conditions as the Earth loses heat and cools the air above it. looks like the weather channel

There is an air parcel at the Earth's surface and the temperature is 25 degrees Celsius with a relative humidity of 100%. As the air parcel rises in the atmosphere, what is the lapse rate for this air parcel?

Moist Adiabatic Lapse Rate (MAR)

When the environmental lapse rate is between the dry and moist adiabatic lapse rates conditions are described as _____.

conditionally unstable

A conditionally unstable atmosphere mainly occurs when __________.

an air parcel is unsaturated near the ground and saturated higher up

The dry adiabatic rate of temperature change for an unsaturated air parcel is __________.

10 degrees Celsius per 1,000 meters

In rising air parcels, clouds form at the __________.

lifting condensation level

When an air parcel rises it __________.

expands and cools

Which scenario would be most likely to make freezing rain?

rain falling through a shallow layer of below-freezing air near the ground

The collision and coalescence process occurs in __________ clouds.

warm

Which scenario would be most likely to make snow?

below-freezing temperatures from cloud to ground

cumulonimbus clouds

are heavy towering rain clouds associated with severe weather. 

cumulus clouds

low puffy fair weather clouds

stratus clouds

are low clouds that cover the whole sky and are grey

cirrus clouds

high wispy thin clouds

alsostratus clouds

are middle-level sheet clouds through which the sun is slightly visible.

cirrostratus clouds

high thin clouds that produce a sun or moon halo

nimbostratus clouds

are grey rain clouds that cover the whole sky.

altocumulus clouds

are middle-level clouds that look like a layer of grainy rounded masses.

How would the temperature at the surface of Earth likely respond if there were more stratus clouds?

It would cool.