Respiratory Anatomy 😮‍💨

respiratory system

a system of organs, functioning in the process of gas exchange between the body and the environment, consisting especially of the nose, nasal passages, nasopharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs

pneumothorax

air in the pleural cavity

hemothorax

blood in the pleural cavity

pleurisy

inflammation of the pleura

emphysema

a condition in which the air sacs of the lungs are damaged and enlarged, causing breathlessness

empyema

pus in the pleural cavity

atelectasis

collapsed lung (whole/part) from obstruction og a bronchus

tuberculosis

an infectious disease that may affect almost all tissues of the body, especially the lungs

pleural effusion

fluid in the pleural space

diaphragm

a dome-shaped, muscular partition separating the thorax from the abdomen in mammals; it plays a major role in breathing, as its contraction increases the volume of the thorax and so inflates the lungs

costophrenic angle

during inspiration lateral margins descend into deep recesses of parietal pleura

apex

the highest point

vital capacity

the maximum volume of air you can breathe out from the lungs by a forced expiration (3500ml-4800ml)

tidal air

the volume of air you breathe in or out with normal quite inspiration or expiration (500ml)

residual volume

the amount of air that remains in the lungs following a forced expiration that cannot be expelled (1200ml-1500ml)

parenchyma

a light, spongy, elastic substance in the lungs

hilum

depression/indention on the medial surface of each lung; structures enter/leave the lung

mediastinum

contains all thoracic structures except lungs and pleurae

carina

has a hook-like process extending posteriorly on its inferior surface

main stem bronchus

separates into right and left bronchi

thoracic cavity

contains heart and lungs

pleural cavity

contains the lungs

artery

a blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart

vein

a blood vessel that carries blood back to the heart

capillary

a tiny blood vessel where substances are exchanged between the blood and the body cells

hemi-diaphragm

half of the diaphragm

lingula

superior lobe has a tongue-like part adjacent to the left cardiac border

bronchiectasis

dilation of a bronchus

bronchitis

inflammation of the bronchi

lobar pneumonia

inflammation of one or more lobes by a specific microorganism

superglottis

the area above the vocal cords that contains the epiglottis cartilage

glottis

the area around the vocal cords

subglottis

the area below the vocal cords that contains the cricoid cartilage and continues down into the windpipe (trachea)

nasal septum

cavities are separated by a vertical partition

where does the trachea lie in relation to the esophagus?

anterior

what are the components of the respiratory system proper?

-larynx

-trachea

-bronchi

-two lungs

the right lung is how much shorter than the left?

1 in

After entering the hilum, each primary bronchus divides. How many primary branches are in the right lung?

3 branches

After entering the hilum, each primary bronchus divides. How many primary branches are in the left lung?

2 branches

what is the part of the lung that extends above the clavicle is termed?

apex

what is the name of the double-walled serous membrane sac that encloses the lung?

pleura

what is the name of the tongue-shaped process on the anterior-medial boarder of the left lung?

lingula

what are the boundaries of the mediastinum?

-sternum/breast bone (anteriorly)

-spine (posteriorly)

-lungs (laterally)

what organs are contained in the mediastinum?

-heart & great vessels

-trachea & esophagus

-nerves, fibrous tissue & fat

oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanges by diffusion within the

alveoli

what is the smallest subdivision of the bronchial tree is called?

terminal bronchial

each lung is divided into specific segments called?

lobes

what is the organ of voice?

larynx

the laryngeal prominence known as the "Adam's Apple" is called the?

thyroid cartilage

what are the 3 divisions of the pharynx?

nasal, oral, laryngeal

if a child aspirated on a peanut into which main stem bronchus would the peanut be most likely to enter and why?

right bronchus because it's wider, shorter, more verticals

which pleura is the inner layer found farthest from the organs?

parietal

what is the space between the two pleural walls?

pleural cavity

the thoracic and abdominal cavities are separated by which muscle?

diaphragm

what are the fissures found in the left lung?

oblique fissure

how many lobes are found in the left lung?

2 lobes

what are the fissures in the right lung?

oblique and horizontal fissures

how many lobes are in the right lung?

3 lobes

what is the proper route that air travels through the respiratory system during inspiration?

nose -> pharynx -> larynx -> trachea -> bronchus

which organ is part of the respiratory and digestive system?

pharynx

which portion of anatomy serves as a passage for both food and air?

pharynx

in which direction does the diaphragm move on inspiration?

down

what is the name for the small air sacs located at the distal ends of the bronchioles?

alveoli

the _____ prevents food from entering the larynx during swallowing

epiglottis

which lung is the longest in length?

left lung

what are the 3 functions of the larynx?

breathing, swallowing, and speech

the thoracic cavity is enclosed with a shiny, slippery lining called the _____

serous membrane

some of the dust and other particles in the air that enter the nose are filtered by a series of ______

internal nasal hairs

the trachea divides into the _____ & _____ main stem bronchus

right and left

what are the 3 functions of the nose?

-warms, moisten & filter inspired (inhaled) air

-olfactory stimuli are received

-large, hollow resonating chambers modify speech sound

what are the 3 basic categories/steps of respiration?

-pulmonary ventilation

-external (pulmonary) respiration

-internal (tissues) respiration

pulmonary ventilation

movement of air into and out of the lungs (breathing)

external (pulmonary) respiration

exchange of gasses between the air spaces of lungs & blood in pulmonary capillaries

internal (tissues) respiration

exchange of gasses between blood in systemic capillaries & tissue cells

nasal cavity

what is A?

nasopharynx

what is B?

oropharynx

what is C?

laryngopharynx (hypopharynx)

what is D?

larynx

what is D?

hyoid bone

what is A?

epiglottis

what is B?

thyroid cartilage

what is C?

laryngeal prominence (adam's apple)

what is D?

tracheal cartilage

what is E?

cricoid cartilage

what is F?

terminal bronchiole

what is A?

respiratory bronchiole

what is B?

alveolar ducts

what is C?

alveoli

what is D?

alveolar sac

what is E?

what is the name of the area between the 2 pleural cavities ?

mediastinum

the _____ lung contains the horizontal fissure

right

the trachea divides into the?

r & I main stem bronchus mediastinum

which lung is the longest in length ?

left

which organ is located the most posterior ?

esophagus

the thoracic and abdominal cavities are separated by which muscle ?

diaphragm

which pleura is the inner layer found farthest from the organs ?

parietal

which lung has two lobes ?

left

if a child aspirated on a peanut into which main stem bronchus would the peanut be most likely to enter ?

right

which of the following is / are divisions of the pharynx ?

1. laryno

2. naso

3. Oro

1,2 & 3