Effective Communication

Vocabulary practice flashcards covering basic principles of communication, noise types, communication models, communicative strategies, and reading strategies.

Communication

The process of creating, sharing, interpreting, and responding to messages in order to exchange information, ideas, feelings, or meaning between people.

Dynamic Communication

A characteristic of communication stating that it constantly changes depending on the person or situation.

Continuous Communication

A characteristic of communication stating that people communicate all the time through words, expressions, gestures, and behaviour.

Contextual Communication

A characteristic of communication stating that it depends on the situation, relationship, culture, and environment.

Irreversible Communication

A characteristic of communication stating that once words are spoken, they cannot be taken back completely.

Purposeful Communication

A characteristic of communication stating that every communication has a reason.

Sender

The person who creates and sends the message, who must organize ideas clearly before communicating.

Message

The information or idea being communicated.

Channel

The means by which the message is delivered (e.g., face-to-face conversations, phone calls, email).

Receiver

The person who receives and interprets the message, making communication meaningful when they understand what the sender intends.

Feedback

The receiver's response that tells the sender whether the communication was successful.

Noise

Anything that interferes with the communication.

Physical Noise

External noise that interferes with communication, such as traffic.

Psychological Noise

Internal noise that interferes with communication, such as stress.

Semantic Noise

Communication interference caused by language, such as jargon (jorgon).

Physiological Noise

Physical conditions affecting communication, such as a hearing impairment.

Linear Model

A model of communication that moves from Sender to Receiver only.

Interactive Model

A model of communication where the sender sends messages and the receiver gives feedback.

Transactional Model

A model of communication where sender and receiver simultaneously send and receive messages.

Personal Communication

Communication with oneself to reflect, think, and understand one's feelings, thoughts, and experiences.

Interpersonal Communication

Communication between two or a few individuals to build relationships and exchange information directly.

Social Communication

Communication within groups, organizations, or communities to share information, coordinate activities, and achieve common goals.

Cultural Communication

Communication influenced by cultural beliefs, values, norms, and traditions that shape how people understand and express messages.

Audience

Refers to who receives the message.

Purpose

Refers to why you are communicating.

Context

Refers to the situation surrounding communication.

Language

Refers to the words chosen in communication.

Tone

The attitude or feeling behind the message.

Structure

How the ideas are organized, moving from beginning to middle to ending.

Communicative Strategies

Techniques that help people start, sustain, organize, and end conversations effectively.

Topic Nomination

A strategy used to introduce or suggest the topic of the conversation.

Topic Control

A strategy used to guide the discussion and prevent participants from straying into unrelated subjects.

Topic Shift

The strategy of changing the focus of the discussion to a new but related topic.

Turn Taking

Refers to the orderly exchange of speaking roles among participants.

Back-Channeling

Involves short verbal expressions or nonverbal actions that show attentiveness without interrupting the speaker.

Feedback-Giving

Responding to communication by giving comments, suggestions, or evaluations.

Topic Termination

A strategy used to end the discussion appropriately.

Skimming

Quickly reading a text to get only its main idea, as defined by the IELTS Guide.

Scanning

Searching for specific phrases or keywords in the text to answer questions, as defined by the IELTS Guide.

Context Clues

Clues that help you understand the meaning of a word based on its context, including surrounding words and sentence placement.

Synonyms (Context Clue)

A context clue form that includes a repetition of an idea expressed in familiar words nearby.

Definition (Context Clue)

A context clue form using 'that is', commas, dashes, and parentheses to directly state a word's meaning.

Antonym (Context Clue)

A context clue form signaled by words like 'although', 'however', and 'but' to show contrast.

Explanation (Context Clue)

A context clue form that provides examples or explanations using words like 'including', 'such as', and 'for example'.

Word Parts (Affixes)

A strategy recommended by Kathy Glass that involves breaking down a word into its base word, prefix, and suffix to determine its meaning.

Prefix

An affix added before the word.

Suffix

An affix added after the word.

Close Reading

According to Burke (n.d.), a thoughtful, critical analysis of a text that focuses on significant details or patterns to develop a deep, precise understanding.