Dental Science Muscle Outline

provide ability to move

muscular system

how many muscles are there

600+

types of muscles

• striated

• smooth

• cardiac

AKA skeletal muscle

striated muscle

named for appearance

striated muscle

made of long thin cells that have light and dark bands

striated muscles

attach to bones to make movement possible → flex & extend

striated muscle

what kind of muscle is striated muscle

voluntary

unstriated

smooth muscle

what kind of muscle is smooth muscle

involuntary (automatic)

found in digestive tract, blood vessels, secretory ducts

smooth muscle

what is smooth muscle controlled by

autonomic NS

is visceral

smooth muscle

what does visceral mean

internal organs

striated

cardiac muscle

what kind of muscle is cardiac muscle

involuntary

found only in the heart

cardiac muscle

muscle cells are also referred to as __?

muscle fibers

muscle fibers together form a ___?

muscle

size of human hair

muscle fibers

can support 1000x its weight

muscle fibers

true or false:

each muscle fiber has its own nerve and blood supply

true

each muscle fiber has a covering of connective tissue that supports and separates them called ___?

fascia

where muscle begins, more fixed attachment

muscle origin

is closer to midline

muscle origin

where muscle ends, less fixed attachment

muscle insertion

at end of bone farther from midline

muscle insertion

connect muscle to bone

tendon

connect bone to bone

ligaments

what kind of tissue are tendons and ligaments

fibrous tissue

how are muscle arranged

antagonistic pairs

when one muscle contracts the opposing muscle relaxes

antagonistic pair

makes motion possible

antagonistic pair

muscle function

contract (tighten)

relax (go back to original shape/arrangment)

____ is required for movement

energy

uses O2

aerobic respiration

uses glucose

anaerobic respiration

what is the byproduct of anaerobic respiration

lactic acid

gives muscle burn

build-up of lactic acid

muscle tissue can be ___, ___, ___, or ____

• strained

• sprained

• cramped

• inflammed

sometimes muscles ____

spasm (tighten)

muscle deteriorates/smaller

atrophy

chronic pain in muscles and soft tissue around joints

fibromyalgia

congenital (present at birth)

muscular dystrophy

progressive deterioration of skeletal muscles

muscular dystrophy

strikes in early childhood, poor balance, atrophy of muscle

muscular dystrophy

atrophy of muscle in muscular dystrophy can lead to what?

respiratory distress

autoimmune diease

myasthenia gravis

neuromuscular disorder where muscles feel weak and tired

myasthenia gravis

what is the first symptom of myasthenia gravis

weakness in facial and swallowing muscles

all muscles of mastication insert where?

mandible

fan shaped, moves mandible up and back

temporalis m

muscles of mastication

• temporalis

• masseter

• medial pterygoid muscles

• lateral pterygoid muscles

moves mandible upward

masseter

enlarges w/ bruxism (grinding) and clenching

masseter

gives the face a square appearance

enlarged masseter

moves mandible upward, vertical in orientation

medial pterygoid muscles

shifts mandible R/L

lateral pterygoid muscles

protrudes mandible, horizontal in orientation

lateral pterygoid muscles