SCM 380 Exam 2 new

A compilation of discussion post questions from the class. aaron was here

True or False: Qualitative data use labels or names to identify categories of like items. 

True

Multiple Choice: Heat maps are used for:

A) Visualizations within data mining for correlations and missing data

B) Creating a histogram

C) Making a Holt's model

D) Showing scatter plots for variable pairs

A) Visualizations within data mining for correlations and missing data

Which of the following is the most popular rotational method?

A. Quartimax rotations

B. Varimax rotations

C. Promax rotations

D. Equamax rotations

B. Varimax rotations

Which of the following is not a predictive measure of error?

A. MAD

B. Average Error

C. Total SSE

D. ROC Curve

D. ROC Curve

Which distribution plot uses color to show correlation amongst variables?

A) Scatterplots

B) Heat maps

C) Box plots

D) Histograms

B) Heat maps

Could you have a dummy variable hold a value of any number?

A) True

B) False

B) False

"High separation of records" means that using predictor variables attains _____

     A. High Error

     B. No Error

     C. Low Error

C. Low Error

Measures of Variability are the tabular, graphical, and numerical methods used to summarize and present data. (True/False)

False

The goal of principle components analysis is to increase a set of numerical variables. (T/F)

F

What does jittering do?

A. Moves markers by a small random amount 

B. Moves the date closer together

C. Uncrowds the data by allowing more markers to be seen 

D. Both A and C

D. Both A and C

The curse of dimensionality is the “affliction caused by adding variables to multivariate data”. Why is this a problem for data mining exercises?

A: Too many variables will only allow for one type of data mining technique which is not that accurate: regressions.

B: Can be compared to a chess board, adding a third dimension to chess boards would increase location options by 800%.

C: Too many variables make box plots insufferable to observe.

D: Too many dimensions leave too much remaining noise to perform data mining

B and D

Which of the following would not be considered a measure of variability?

     a) Standard Deviation

     b) Percentiles

     c) Interquartile Range

     d) Range

     b) Percentiles

Both sensitivity and specificity can address the question, 'how often is the test right? (True/False)

True

T/F Descriptives statistics are the tabular, graphical, and numerical methods used to summerize and present data

True

T/F Qualitative data are numerical values that indicate that indicate how much or how many and quantitative data use labels or names to identify categories of like items

False

Naive Rule classifies all records as belonging to the most prevalent class (True/False).

True

Which of the following types of data uses labels or names to identify categories of like items?

a. Ordinal

b. Qualitative

c. Interval

d. Quantitative

b. Qualitative

What option is not a step in the cutoff for classification process, choose one.

a. Compare to cutoff value, and classify accordingly

b. Compute the probability of belonging to class "0"

c. Compute the probability of belonging to class "1"

b. Compute the probability of belonging to class "0"

What model should one use when dealing with a continuous and supervised learning model

a. Logistic Regression

b. Regression

c. Cluster Analysis

d. Principle Components

b. Regression

Which of the following is not a measurement of error? 

A: Tracking Signal 

B: Bias

C: Mean Absolute Deviation

D: Mean Squared Error

B: Bias

The goal of a Principal Component Analysis is to increase the number of numerical variables (True/False).

False

Is a histogram a basic plot or a distribution plot?

A. Basic plot

B. Distribution plot

B. Distribution plot

Which of the following is not a measure of error?

A. Mean absolute deviation (MAD)

B. Mean absolute percent error (MAPE)

C. Tracking signal

D. Tracing error

E. Mean squared error (MSE)

D. Tracing error

For Predictions, which of the following is NOT a metric for performance?

A. Average Error

B. GALE

C. MAPE

D. RMSE

B. GALE

Bar Charts are useful for comparing multiple statistics like average, count, percentage, etc. across groups (True/False)

False

Which of the following is NOT considered a basic plot for data exploration?

    a. Line Graphs

    b. Scatter Plots

    c. Bar Charts

    d. Histograms

    d. Histograms

Graphical Methods for Categorical data include dot plots, histograms, and scatter diagrams (True/False)

False

Distribution plots display “how many” of each value occur in a data set (True/False). 

True

Percentage of misclassified records out of the total records in the validation data.

A. Error

B. Accuracy 

C. Error rate

D. Naive 

C. Error rate

A single categorical variable with m categories is typically transformed into m+1 dummy variables (True/False)

False

The ROC curve was first used in what war?

a. Cold War

b. WW2

c. Vietnam War

d. WW1

b. WW2

Error is classifying all records as belonging to the
most prevalent class (True/False)

False

Fill in the blank: we simplify decision trees by_____ peripheral branches to avoid overfitting.

A. Collecting

B. Pruning

C. Avoid

D. Eliminating

B. Pruning

The MAPE is a measure of the percentage of how much predictions deviate from the actual values (True/False)

True

Multiple choice: Two important charts that visualize distribution of data are boxplots and _________

a. histograms

b. line charts

c. bar charts

d. scatter plots

a. histograms

The Naïve rule is classify all records as belonging to the most prevalent class (True/False)

True

What is the second step in factor analysis? 

A. the correlation matrix for all variables is computed

B. Factor extraction

C. Factor rotation

D. Make final decisions about the number of underlying factors

B. Factor extraction

We select the split that most increases the Gini Index (True/False)

False

What is the process of recursive partitioning

a. Graft two branches together

b. Repeatedly split the records into two parts

c. Simplify the tree by removing branches

d. Create a new branch

b. Repeatedly split the records into two parts

Binary Logistic Regression results in a V-shaped distribution function. (True/False)

False

Multiple Choice: What are the "Odds" in step 2 of The Logit?

a. Ratio

b. Question

c. Quantity

d. Linear

a. Ratio

The goal of trees and rules is to classify or predict an outcome based on a set of predictors. (True/False)

True

Logit can be modeled as a linear function of the ____

    A. Probabilities

    B. Outcomes

    C. Variables

    D. Predictors

D. Predictors

Which of the below are advantages of regression trees?

A. Can work without extensive handling of missing data 

B. Produce rules that are easy to interpret & implement 

C. Variable selection & reduction is automatic 

D. All of the above

D. All of the above

Simple linear regression is a relation between 3 continuous variables? (True/False)

False

What is the proper definition of pruning as used for decision trees?

a. The process of dividing a node into two smaller nodes.

b. The process of adding a whole section of a tree.

c. The process of cutting down the tree.

d. None of the above.

c. The process of cutting down the tree.

The logistic distribution is an S-shaped distribution function (True/False)

When determining the cutoff value, the popular initial choice is 0.45. (True/False)

False

Which of the following is not a term used when talking about decision trees?

a. Splitting

b. Pruning

c. Toning

d. Grafting

c. Toning

The two most popular ways to measure Impurity are the Gini Index and Entropy Measure (True/False.

True

Which of the following is NOT an example of a categorical class for stock acquisition?

A. Sell

B. Hold

C. Consider

D. Buy

C

Multiple linear regression is the relation between 2 continuous variables (True/False)

False

When referring to tree structure, split points become nodes on tree (True/False)

True

: T/F: Gini Index and Entropy are inversely correlated, and it is preferable that the tree has high Gini Index and low Entropy.

False

In Binary Logistics Regression, the cutoff value is used to:

A: determine if the observation belongs to class 0 if it greater than or equal to the cutoff value

B: determine if the observation belongs to class 1 if it is greater than or equal to the cutoff value

C: determine if the observation belongs to class 1 if it is less than or equal to the cutoff value

D: determine if the observation belongs to class 0 if it is less than or equal to the cutoff value

B

For regression trees each node can be split into two parent notes.

A. True

B. False

B false

With Categorical Variables (Predictors) what are all possible ways in which the categories A, B and C can be split?

A. (A) and (B, C)

B. (B) and (A, C)

C. (C) and (A, B)

D. All of the above

D

In regards to decision tree terminology,                     is the process in which we repeatedly split records into two parts in order to achieve homogeneity within the new parts.  

     a. Pruning

     b. Recursive Partitioning  

     c. Grafting

     d. Splitting

B

Logistic regression is in no way similar to linear regression.

F

1. Which of the following is not an advantage of utilizing regression trees?
   

   • a. They are easy to use and understand.

   • b. They produce rules that are easy to interpret and implement.

   • c. They capture interactions between variables.

   • d. They do not require the assumptions of statistical model

   • e. None of the above; they are all advantages

C

1. A problem with linear regression is the predicted probabilities can be greater than 1 or less than 0, creating an issue for subsequent analysis.

True

We select the split that most increases the Gini Index

False

Regressions are :

A. Used with continuous outcome variable 

B.  Procedure similar to classification tree 

C.  Do not require the assumptions of statistical models 

D.  A and B

D

Pruning is where you let the tree grow as large as possible

F

The logistic regression model is a linear transformation of the linear regression

False

Logistic regression is similar to linear regression, except that it is used with a categorical response 

True

Stopping Tree Growth: Natural end of process is 100% purity in each leaf

True

The final node of a decision tree is called a Root Node. 

False

_______ Linear Regression is a relation between 2 continuous variables.

A. Simple

B. Multiple 

C. Partial 

D. Binary 

A

1. T/F: Recursive partitioning is repeatedly splitting records into two parts to achieve maximum homogeneity within the new parts 

T

p= odds/1-odds

F

3.) p=odds/1+odds