HIstory vocab 3

Anglican Church

the Protestant Church created by King Henry VIII in England, it branches off of Catholicism and uses the power of monarchs to govern the religion

Catholic Reformation

the Catholic attempt to fix their own problems and combat Protestant Reformation

Council of Trent

(1545-1563) corrected some of the worst of the Catholic church’s abuses and focused on fixing corruption in the Catholic Church

Daimyo

A powerful noble in early modern Japan

Devshirme

A system used in the Ottoman Empire to recruit boys from Christian families, who were then converted to Islam and trained for military or administrative roles.

Divine Right

the idea pushing Absolutism which says that God chose a specific king to rule

Grand Vizier

the chief minister in the Ottoman Empire

Gunpowder Empires

The Ottoman, Safavid, and Mughal empires, which utilized gunpowder to expand and consolidate their territories by threatening others

Gutenberg Printing Press

allowed books to be printed instead of handwritten which increased literacy and the spread of knowledge through Europe

Indulgences

piece of paper someone could buy to be forgiven of sins

Janissaries

an elite core of eight thousand troops personally loyal to the sultan of the Ottoman Empire

Jizya

tax levied by Islamic states on certain non-Muslim subjects (dhimmis) who were permanently residing in Muslim lands under Islamic law

Louis XIV

French king who is considered to be the best example of Absolutism due to how much control he had over his kingdom he started the construction of the Palace of Versailles and centralized royal power.

Manchuria

A region of northeast China and the home of the Manchus who ruled China from 1644-1912

Manchus

ethnic minority in China and the people from whom Manchuria derives its name

Martin Luther

German monk who began Protestant Reformation with his written work, he created the 95 Theses, which criticized the Catholic Church's practices and doctrines.

Mughal Empire

Muslim empire ruling India from the 16th to 18th centuries

Ninety-five Theses

the list of grievances written by Martin Luther that he made against the Catholic Church in 1517, which criticized practices like the sale of indulgences and called for reform.

Ottoman Empire

Turkish empire in the Middle East and North Africa from 1453-1918

Protestant Reformation

Religious movement when people broke away from the Catholic Church

Qing Empire

Chinese dynasty lasting from 1644 to 1911 it was the last imperial dynasty of China, known for its expansion and cultural achievements.

Safavid Empire

Muslim Empire in Persia from 1501-1722

Shah

the title a king takes in the Safavid Empire or the Mughal empire

Shariah

A system of Islamic law derived from the Quran and Hadith, governing both personal conduct and legal matters for Muslims.

Shi’ite

A branch of Islam; are known for their distinct religious practices and beliefs, differing from Sunni Muslims.

Sikhism

developed from Hinduism and may have been influenced by the Islamic mysticism known as Sufism

Spanish Inquisition

organized in 1478 by Fernando and Isabel of Spain to hunt out heretical or contrary opinions from Protestants

Suleiman the Magnificent

tenth and longest-reigning sultan of the Ottoman Empire he expanded the empire, significantly reformed its legal system, and established a cultural renaissance.

Sultan

The title a king takes in the Ottoman Empire

Taj Mahal

located in Agra

Tax Farmers

process in which the highest bidder was granted permission to collect the taxes and then pay a portion to the government they were responsible for taxing the local population, often leading to exploitation and corruption.

Thirty Years’ War

war between Catholics and Protestants in and around the Holy Roman Empire

Tokugawa Ieyasu

the founder and first shogun of the Tokugawa shogunate of Japan who ruled from 1600 to 1616. He established a long period of peace and stability known as the Edo period.

Versailles

the palace of French King Louis XIV

Zamindars

Indian tax collectors who were assigned land from which they kept part of the revenue