Stuttering and Fluency Disorders Vocabulary

Comprehensive vocabulary flashcards covering terms, definitions, levels of speech production, theories, and treatment approaches for stuttering based on the lecture notes.

Stuttering

Involuntary repetitions, prolongations, and blocks in speech.

Fluent Speech

Smooth, effortless, rapid, uninterrupted speech.

Disfluency

An interruption in the normal flow of speech.

PWS

People Who Stutter.

CWS

Children Who Stutter.

Prevalence

How common stuttering is in a population.

Incidence

The occurrence of new cases over time.

Onset

When stuttering first begins.

Persistent Stuttering

Stuttering that continues over time.

Recovery

When a child naturally stops stuttering.

Repetitions

Repeating sounds, syllables, or words.

Prolongations

Stretching out a sound during speech.

Blocks

An inappropriate stopping of airflow or voicing.

Articulators

Speech structures such as the lips, tongue, and jaw.

Voicing

Vibration of the vocal folds during speech.

Respiratory Level

The breathing system involved in speech production.

Laryngeal Level

The voice production system involved in speech.

Articulatory Level

Movement of articulators to produce speech sounds.

Tremors

Shaking of the lips, tongue, jaw, or laryngeal muscles.

Normal Disfluencies

Common speech interruptions that also occur in fluent speakers.

Hesitations

Pauses while thinking about what to say.

Revisions

Changing or correcting something already said.

Interjections

Extra words or sounds added during speech, like "um" or "uh."

Whole-Word Repetitions

Repeating an entire word.

Syllable Repetitions

Repeating a syllable within a word.

Part-Word Repetitions

Repeating part of a word.

Phrase Repetitions

Repeating an entire phrase.

Multisyllabic Word

A word containing more than one syllable.

Secondary Behaviors

Learned behaviors triggered by experiencing or anticipating stuttering.

Accessory Characteristics

Another name for secondary behaviors.

Escape Behaviors

Actions used during a stutter to end it.

Avoidance Behaviors

Actions used to avoid an expected stutter.

Developmental Stuttering

Stuttering that begins during childhood.

Neurogenic Stuttering

Stuttering associated with neurological injury or disease.

Borderline Stuttering

Periods of stuttering mixed with periods of fluency.

Organic Theory

Theory that stuttering has a physical cause.

Behavioral Theory

Theory that stuttering is a learned response.

Diagnostic Theory

Theory that negative parental reactions to normal disfluencies contribute to stuttering.

Covert Repair Hypothesis

Stuttering occurs when a person internally detects and tries to repair a speech error.

Demands and Capacities Model

Stuttering develops when demands for fluent speech exceed a child's abilities.

Packman and Attanasio Model

Stuttering involves processing deficits, triggers, and modulating factors.

Multifactorial Dynamic Pathways Theory

Stuttering develops through interactions between genes, experiences, and the environment.

Watchful Waiting

Monitoring a child with borderline stuttering before beginning treatment.

Indirect Treatment

Changing the environment to encourage fluent speech.

Direct Treatment

Working directly on speech behaviors and feelings about stuttering.

Fluency Shaping (FS)

Changing speech patterns to reduce or eliminate stuttering.

Stuttering Modification (SM)

Changing how a person stutters rather than eliminating all stuttering.

Prolonged Speech

Slowing speech by stretching sounds.

Delayed Auditory Feedback (DAF)

Hearing your own voice with a slight delay.

Light Articulatory Contacts

Using gentle movements when producing speech sounds.

Gentle Voice Onsets

Starting voice production smoothly.

Lidcombe Program

Parent-administered treatment using verbal feedback about speech.

Cancellation

Finishing a stuttered word, pausing at least 3 seconds, and repeating it slowly.

Pull-Out

Modifying a word while stuttering to finish more fluently.

Preparatory Set

Using slow speech before an expected stutter.

Desensitization

Reducing fear and negative reactions related to stuttering.

Cognitive-Behavioral Treatment

Changing negative thoughts and behaviors.