African Dance

The first stream of African dance is what?

Dancing for one’s own enjoyment

The second stream of African dance is what?

Dancing for others enjoyment

The third stream of African dance is what?

Dancing to make their owners money

The fourth stream of African dance is what?

Sacred religious dances

The fifth stream of African dance is what?

Social dances

The sixth stream of African dance is what?

Rebellion dances

Quadroon/_______ balls were significant because they were ________.

miscegenation, mixing people of different races

What was the one place in the southern US where Africans could drum and dance?

Congo Square

• ________ dances

  • Saturday nights

  • Corn shucking

  • Weddings

  • Ring shouts

Special occasion

What were the most spiritual/sacred dances found on the US plantations?

Ring dances

What kind of percussive dance involved stepping, slapping, patting your body to make the sounds (without drums)?

Hambone

What types of dances are these?

• Buck and wing

• Buzzard lope

• Pigeon wing

• Jig

• Cake walk

Mimicry dances

What similarities do the jig and cake walk have?

They were done by slaves to mimic their owners

• __________

  • Danced religion in ______

  • Used aspects of the Roman Catholicism and indigenous American traditions

Candomble, Brazil

________ is a danced religion meaning “spirit” or “deity”, mainly found in _______.

Voodoo, Haiti

_________ is a dnaced religion found in Spanish-speaking countries and is centered around devotion to the _______.

Santeria, saints/santos

_______ dancers are paraders/masqueraders that walk around on stilts.

Gombay

A mass character that comes out around Christmas time, especially in Jamaica.

John Canoe

What do the following dances have in common?

• Calenda

• Chica

• Bamboula

• Juba

  • Considered the greatest dancer at the time

• Crop-over

• People of color dances

• Funeral dances

  • Banda

  • Bele

They were done on Caribbean plantations

The lead drummer changing tempo to affect the dance is an example of _________.

call and response

________ is when there are many movements going on in a dance.

Polyrhythm

________ refers to understanding how to dance to certain music, specifically on Caribbean plantations.

Polycentrism

What are some basic African dance movements?

• Body isolation

• Body segmentation

• Flat feet

• Bent knees

• Mimicry

  • Imitating work life (planting, hunting, harvesting)

• Natural body motions

  • Staying within/near your body

European impressions on African dance

• Percussive dances

• 4/4 music count

• European couple dances

• European ballroom dances

After the banning of the drums, Africans lost their ___________, which entailed the following:

• Who you are as a people

• Reinforcement of their religious belief

• Reinforcement of their cultural and social identity

• Expression of their cultural history

sacred identity

Why did the Stono Rebellion cause the banning of drums?

The leaders used drums to call other slaves to rebel

The Stono Rebellion led to the ________, which involved the banning of drums and other loud instruments.

Negro Act of 1740

The Negro Act of 1740:

• Restricted the assembly, education, and movement of ______

• Ceased _________ of African slaves for 10+ years

• Penalties against slave owners for ___________  

  • This was a large reason for the rebellion

• Slaveholders couldn’t free slaves w/o ____________

• Outlawed slave _________

• Banned ______, horns, and other loud instruments

slaves

importation

harsh treatment of slaves

legislative approval

dances

drums

What determined the amount of social interaction/exchanges between various groups?

Proximity of plantations

True or False: Plantations in the Caribbean were much smaller than the ones in the US.

False, they were much bigger

_________ adopted harsher practices w/ slave ownership.

Protestants

________ believed that:

• Slaves should be able to keep their families/ethnic groups together

• Slaves had a right to marry

• Slaves had a right to seek relief from a cruel master

• Slaves had a right to purchase their freedom

Catholics

Half of the slaves from Africa were taken to ________, mostly ________.

South America, Brazil

44.8% of slaves were taken to ____________.

the Caribbean

4.2% of slaves were taken to ________.

the US

The __________ freed slaves in the rebellious/Confederate states.

Emancipation Proclamation

The __________ in 1807 prohibited the importation of slaves to the US.

Slave Trade Act

What were these factors important for?

• 1. The # of enslaved Africans in disembarkation location

• 2. Catholic vs. Protestant practices of slavery

• 3. Slave master involvement

• 4. Size of plantations

• 5. Proximity of plantations

• 6. Banning of the drum

They enabled how much the people could keep cultural aspects that define who/what they are

________ Balls are when white slave masters would pimp out their daughters to be mistresses.

Promenade

Oral ________ and oral ______ were aesthetic commonalities found in the Caribbean only.

tradition, narration