Psych Chp. 13

Theory of mind

Understanding of mental states and processes

Understanding desires

Everyone has their own desires; we all have our own likes and dislikes that influence our behavior and decision-making.

False belief tasks

Used to assess understanding that others can hold beliefs different from one's own.

Piaget’s theory

Children are going to develop their own moral reasoning through cognitive development and our peers/ peer relationships

Heteronomous morality

Outcomes determine nautiness; rules are fixed : ages < 7

Immanent justice

Punishment is swift and inevitable

Autonomous morality

Intentions determine naughtiness; rules are changeable: ages > 7

Kohlberg’s theory

Idea that we progress through stages but they are not age specific

Preconventional Stage

Do what has the best outcome for you

Conventional stage

Obligations to family and/or society

Postconventional stage

Universal values and principles

Social domain theory

Judgements in personal, social conventional, and moral domains, influencing how individuals navigate social interactions and relationships.

Moral domain

Welfare, rights, justice: Authority independent, universal context

Social-conventional domain

Social etiquette and rules: Authority dependent, context specific

Personal domain

Personal choices: Personal jurisdiction

Altruism

Helping with no expectation of reciprocity

Empathy

Feel what others feel; “I feel your pain”

Sympathy

Concern for others; “I’m sorry that you’re in pain”

Forgiveness

Cancel debt after wronged

Gratitude

Feelings of appreciation

Agression

Behavior intended to harm others; can be physical or verbal.

Hostile attributions

Misunderstanding intention; perceives others with malicious intent