Pediatric Endocrine, Metabolic & Sensory Alterations

Vocabulary flashcards covering the pediatric endocrine system recap and diabetes mellitus types based on lecture notes.

Negative feedback loop

The regulatory mechanism of the endocrine system that works like a thermostat regulating temperature.

Pituitary gland

The "master" gland that secretes GH, TSH, ACTH, and ADH, driving all other endocrine glands.

Thyroid gland

An endocrine gland that sets metabolic rate and supports growth and CNS development.

Islets of Langerhans

Structures in the pancreas that produce insulin and glucagon to regulate blood glucose.

Adrenal glands

Endocrine glands that secrete cortisol, aldosterone, and catecholamines for the stress response.

P-T-P-A glands

A memory trick for the four pediatric power players: Pituitary, Thyroid, Pancreas, and Adrenals.

Pediatric Diabetes Mellitus

The most common metabolic disease of childhood.

Hyperglycemia

The condition where glucose builds up in the blood because no insulin is present to let glucose enter cells.

Osmotic diuresis

Dehydration that occurs when high blood glucose spills into the urine.

Ketones

Byproducts produced in Type 1 diabetes when the body burns fat and protein, leading to weight loss.

Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

A metabolic disease caused by autoimmune B-cell destruction (absolute deficiency) with abrupt onset (often <20 yr), presenting with 3 Ps, weight loss, and common DKA, always requiring insulin.

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

A metabolic disease caused by insulin resistance and relative deficiency with gradual onset linked to obesity/inactivity, presenting as subtle or asymptomatic, treated with lifestyle, oral agents, and insulin in 20-30% of cases.