LBSC - Benign WBC Disorders Part 1

What is the increase of WBC numbers?

Leukocytosis

What is the decrease of WBC numbers?

Leukopenia

The most common cause of what is Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia?

Basophilia

What is the name fo above normal count of basophils?

Basophilia

Which finding for WBC is an uncommon fining?

Basophilia

The increase of which WBC is caused by allergic reactions, infections, inflammatory disorders, endocrine disorders and chronic renal disease.

Basophils

Which WBC has a WBC Differential of 0-2%?

Basophils

The most common cause of what is parasitic infections, especially Helminthic?

Eosinophilia

Which WBC has a WBC Differential of 0-4%?

Eosinophils

Which increase in WBC is caused by allergic disorders, skin disorders, pulmonary disorders, and inflammatory disorders?

Eosinophilia

Which WBC has a 2-9% WBC Differential?

Monocytes

Which increased WBC is caused by chronic infections, inflammatory conditions, and hemolytic anemia?

Monocytosis

Which inflammatory disease causes eosinophilia?

Celiac Disease

Which inflammatory disorder causes monocytosis?

Sarcoidosis

Which WBC has a 20-44% WBC Differential?

Lymphocytes

Which lymphocyte is 8-12 um, scanty cytoplasm, and has a round nucleus?

Resting Small Lymphocyte

Which lymphocyte is 9-39 um, abundant cytoplasm, round to irregular nucleus, and possible nucleoli?

Reactive Lymphocyte

What is caused by viral and bacterial infections, drug reactions, and other things?

Reactive Lymphocytosis

Chickenpox, cytomegalovirus, EBV is an example of what cause of reactive lymphocytosis?

Viral infections

Brucellosis, pertussis (whopping cough), and tuberculosis is an example os what cause of reactive lymphocytosis?

Bacterial Infections

Medications for infections is an example of what cause of reactive lymphocytosis?

Drug reactions

What has nothing to do with monocytes?

Infectious Mononucleosis

What is the vast majority of this caused by Epstein Barr Virus (EBV)?

Infectious Mononucleosis

What cells does Epstein Barr Virus (EBV) infect?

B lymphocytes

What cells react to become reactive lymphocytes?

T lymphocytes (CD8)

What is caused by virus transmitted through body fluids with an increased prevalence in young adults and is usually self-limiting with flu-like symptoms?

Infectious Mononucleosis

What is usually diagnosed on symptoms only?

Infectious Mononucleosis

What is the screening test for infectious mononucleosis?

Monospot Test

What does the monospot test detect that is produced against EBV?

Heterophile antibodies

What are antibodies that cross-react with antigens from another species?

Heterophile

What animal RBCs does Monospot Test?

Sheep or Horse

With infectious mononucleosis, what would you see in the peripheral smear?

Increased reactive lymphocytes, T lymphocytes working against infection, and ballerina skirt

What is it called when cytoplasm of lymphocytes stains darker and morph around RBCs?

Ballerina Skirt

Which disorders would have additional serology tests to detect antibodies to viral capsid antigen, EBV nuclear antigen, EBV early antigen complex, and CMV?

Infectious Mononucleosis

Which WBC has a WBC differential of 50-70%?

Neutrophils

Bacterial infections is the most common cause of what?

Neutrophilia

Other infections, inflammatory disorders, tissue necrosis, metabolic issues, and non-inflammatory causes can cause what?

Neutrophilia

What is an exaggerated response to infections and inflammation?

Leukemoid Reaction

Is leukemoid reaction malignant or nonmalignant?

Nonmalignant

Leukocytosis with neutrophilia is a sign of what?

Leukemoid Reaction

What is it called when there is an increase in slightly immature neutrophils because the bone marrow is releasing it sooner?

Left Shift

When neutrophils are reacting to infection, primary granules persisting is an example of what?

Toxic Granulation

When neutrophils are reacting to infection, RNA remnants of RER aggregates is an example of what?

Dohle Bodies

When neutrophils are reacting to infection, phagocytosis leads to what?

Toxic Vacuolization

What stain is used to differentiate leukemoid reaction from leukemeia?

Leukocyte Alkaline Phosphatase Stain (LAP)

What stains the neutrophilic granules containing LAP enzyme

LAP

Is blue intensified granules a positive or negative staining of LAP?

Positive Staining

An increase LAP score tells us what about the cells?

Leukemoid Reactions

An decreased LAP score tells us what about the cells?

Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (CML)

What is it to count and grade 100 mature neutrophils or band neutrophils based on their LAP staining intensity?

LAP Score

What is less than 2 lobes in polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) in neutrophils and/or eosinophils?

Pelger-Huet Anomaly

What is the bilobed, peanut, or dumbbell shaped nucleus?

Pelger-Huet Anomaly

What is it called when there is a gene mutation in LBR gene?

Pelger-Huet Anomaly

What is it called when someone has acquired this through myelodysplastic syndromes or chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML)?

Pseudo-Huet Anomaly