Cell and Tissue Lec 1-4 Scientists

Ross Harrison

1907: created hang-drop method with frog tissue

Alexis Carrel

1912: understanding of viruses and vaccine preparation; blood-vessel suturing and the transplantation of organs in animals

1912-1940: chicken heart cell culture

Jonas Salk

1954: made the polio vaccine

Gunter Blobel

1999: discovered signal peptides

Leonard Hayflick

tested viral cause of cancer; saw relationship between population doubling time and species lifespan; thought young can help old cells

Who used x-ray crystallography to map atoms in ribosomes?

2009:

- Venkatraman Ramakrishnan

- Thomas A. Steitz

- Ada. E Yonath

Who discovered controlled protein degradation?

2004:

- Irwin Rose

- Arran Hershko

- Aaron Ciechanover

Who discovered how chromosomes are protected by telomeres and enzyme telomerase?

2009:

- Elizabeth H. Blackburn

- Carol W. Greider

- Jack W. Szostak

Who tested in vitro Poliomyelitis virus?

1953:

- William F. Scherrer

- Jerome Syverton

- George O. Gey

George O. Gey

1952: the first human cells

grown in culture using Henrietta Lacks' stolen cells

Who discovered how to reprogram mature cells into pluripotent cells?

2012:

- Sir John B. Gurdon

- Shinya Yamanaka

Anthony Atala

2006: grew bladder

H. David Humes

2006: cultured an artificial kidney

Who cultured a jawbone?

2006: Columbia

Who cultured a lung?

2006: Yale

Doris Taylor

2006: cultured a beating rat heart at the University of Minnesota