Sociology Module 11

Gener

Sex

Biological differences of primary and secondary sex characteristics

Primary= reproductive organs, testosterone, and estrogen levels

Secondary = body hair, muscle mass, voice, etc

Gender

Perceived or projected social locations within culturally established designations between masculine and feminine behaviors

Feminine= dependent, emotional, passive, etc

Masculine= assertive, analytical, rational, etc

Gender identity

The gender a person identifies themselves as /wants others to see them as

Cisgender

gender identity aligns with sex assigned at birth

Transgender

Person whose gender identity is different from what was assigned at birth

Gender Dysphoria

Difference between assignment at birth and identity

Gender Roles

Cultural expectations, How to look how to act etc

Dynamic

Changes occur overtime girls don’t always have to wear dresses, males have long hair

Sexism (Gender discrimination)

Discrimination against individuals based on their perceived sex or gender

Chauvinism

Sexism against women

Gender pay gap

females make 81c for every $1 a male makes

Glass ceiling

Idea that women can get promoted but can’t go past a certain point

Feminist Theory

Examines how women and other gender minorities are disadvantaged in relation to men and cisgender norms within patriarchal structures, cultures, and processes of social organization

Gender Socialization

Process of educating and instructing potential males, females, and intersex children as to the norms, behaviors, values, and beliefs of group membership.

Structural Functionalism

Genders are viewed as complementary

Conflict Theory

Argues that gender is best understood in terms of power relationships

Symbolic Interaction

Examine the varied meaning and constructions of gender over time and space

Patriarchy

Social system that is male-dominated, male-identified, male-centered,

Intersectionality

Interrelation and intersection of multiple, interlocking systems of oppression and privilege within and between societies