Exam term 1 American History

colony

Cash crop

Charter

Mayflower compact

mercantilism

English Bill of Rights

Great awakening

Magna Carta

Parliament

Boycott

Militia

Repeal

Tyranny

Common sense

Declaration of independence

Independence

Natural rights

Petition

American revolution

Continental army

Strategy

treaty

Anti-federalist

Articles of confederation

Constitution

Constitutional convention

Electoral college

Enlightenment

Federalist

Great compromise

Northwest ordinance

Northwest Territory

Ratify

Republic

The federalist papers

3/5 compromise

Loose construction

Nullify

Sedition

States doctrine

Strict construction

Washington's farewell address

Whiskey rebellion

Blockade

Embargo

Isolationism

Monroe doctrine

Neutrality

American system

Capitalism

Frontier

Spiritual

Civil servant

Jacksonian democracy

Secede

Spoils system

Tariff

Trail of tears

Unit 2 concepts

Jamestown a. What problems arose in the colony?

Problems: swampy, mosquitoes, people didn’t want to work, problems with Native

Americans, famine;

Jamestown b. Which crop saved the colony?

Tobacco

who founded each of the following colonies:

a. Massachusetts Bay Colony/ Plymouth

b. Connecticut

c. Pennsylvania

d. Maryland

e. Georgia

a. Massachusetts Bay Colony was founded by Jonathan Winthrop and the Puritans • Plymouth was founded by William Bradford and the Pilgrims
b. Thomas Hooker
c. William Penn
d. (Lord Baltimore)
e. George Oglethorpe

What was the House of Burgesses?

the Virginia’s colonial elected assembly (the first in the colonies)

Which colonial region mainly planted and sold cash crops?

The Southern Colonies

Which colonial region was the most diverse in terms of geography, culture, and

religion?

The Middle Colonies

Middle Passage

Brutal passage that enslaved Africans took across the Atlantic Ocean from Africa to

the Caribbean

Which colonial region valued education the most?

THe New England Colonies

British Acts of Parliament:

a. Sugar Act

b. Stamp Act

c. Declaratory Act

d. Tea Act

e. Intolerable (Coercive) Acts Intolerable Acts (Coercive)

a. taxed sugar and molasses

b. required a stamp for documents

c. asserted Parliament's authority

d. facilitated British Tea Company monopoly

e. punitive measures against Massachusetts

Boston Massacre

March 5, 1770:

• A crowd gathered around a small number of British soldiers

• The crowd threw rocks and snowballs at the soldiers

• Soldiers fired into the crowd and killed 5 men including Crispus Attucks

What led to the Intolerable Acts?

The Boston Party

Lexington and Concord

• The first battles of the Revolutionary War

• Lexington was known as the “shot heard ’round the world” since it started the war

• No one knows who fired it

Second Continental Congress

a. What was decided?

Decided

• George Washington was placed in charge of the Continental Army

• States should write new state constitutions

• Mass. Militia would become the Continental Army

Who won the Battle of Bunker Hill?

The British won the battle of Bunker Hill.

What did the Patriots prove at the Battle of Bunker Hill?

That they could stand up against the professional British army

Common Sense

a. Who wrote it?

b. What did it do?

A. written by Thomas Paine

• B. pushed for economic freedom from Britain

Declaration of Independence

a. Who wrote it (one main author)?

b. When was it approved?

c. What were the three main ideas?

• A. Written by Thomas Jefferson

• B. Approved July 4, 1776

• C. Three main ideas:

• 1. Jefferson argued that people possess unalienable rights

• life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness

• 2. Jefferson asserted that King George III violated the colonists’ rights

• 3. Jefferson stated that the colonies had the right to break from Britain

Battle of Saratoga:

a. Why was it important?

b. Who won?

A. Turning point of the war that convinced the French to ally with the Americans

• B. . Americans/Patriots won

What hardships were faced during the winter at Valley Forge?

• Troops suffered through the brutal winter and shortages of food, clothing, and shelter.

• Continental Army survived, but 2,000 died of disease and malnutrition.

• Smallpox attacked the camp

Battle of Yorktown:

a. Where?

b. What was the Patriots’ strategy?

c. Who won?

d. Why was it important?

• A. Yorktown, Virginia

• B. Surround the city by land and the French navy cut off a water escape

• C. The Americans/Patriots won

• D. It was the last major battle in the Revolutionary War

Treaty of Paris 1783

• Formally ended the war

• Britain recognized American independence.

• Set America’s borders

• Mississippi River to the west, Florida to the South, Canada to the North

Articles of Confederation

a. How many branches of government?

b. What was one of the biggest weaknesses of the Articles?

c. Five main powers of Congress under the Articles of Confederation

The Articles of Confederation was the first government of the United

States

• a) One branch government

• b) Biggest weakness was the inability to tax citizens/raise money

• c) Five Main Powers:

• 1. deal with foreign nations and Native Americans outside the 13 states

• 2. makes laws

• 3. declare wars

• 4. coin or borrow money

• 5. run a postal service

What was the goal of the Constitutional Convention?

Revise the Articles of Confederation

How many states needed to ratify the Constitution for it to be law?

9 of 13

The Virginia Plan

Virginia Plan-big states supported

• a. 2 house legislature

• b. number of reps for both houses based on population

• c. 3-branch government

The New Jersey Plan

New Jersey Plan-little states supported

• a. one-house legislature

• b. equal number of representatives

The Great Compromise

Great Compromise

• a. bicameral legislature (two-house)

• b. number of reps for lower house based on population

• c. number of reps in upper house is equal

Federalists stance on the Constitution

Pro Constitution; want a stronger central government

Antifederalist stance on the Constitution a. What were three main complaints that they had about the Constitution?

Against the Constitution because:

• 1. weakened power of states

• 2. no bill of rights

• 3. president could be powerful like a king

Federalist Papers

James Madison, John Jay, Alexander Hamilton wrote pamphlets to support the ratification

of the Constitution

How is the US Constitution organized?

Organized into 7 articles

Which group casts votes to elect the president?

Electoral College

What is the main job of each branch of government?

Legislative Branch: makes the laws

• Executive Branch: enforces the laws

• Judicial Branch: interprets the laws

Why did the delegates start the Preamble to the Constitution with the words “We,

the people”?

“We the people...” shows that the power of the government comes from the people and

not the States

Who was the first president and vice president of the US?

George Washington and John Adams.

What were the three departments of Washington’s Cabinet and who was the first

man to hold each position?

The three departments were the Department of State (Thomas Jefferson), the Department of the Treasury (Alexander Hamilton), and the Department of War (Henry Knox).

What were the three parts to Alexander Hamilton’s Financial Plan for the

country?

Hamilton’s Financial Plan:

• 1. Federal Government would assume all federal and state debts.

• 2. Create a national bank and mint.

• 3. Import tariff

What two pieces of advice did Washington give the nation in his Farewell

Address?

Washington’s Farewell: 1. Avoid political factions (political parties) at home.

2. Avoid getting entangled in Europe’s affairs (stay neutral)

Alexander Hamilton and the Federalist Party

a. Who should lead the country?

b. What is the ideal economy?

c. Loose or Strict construction of the Constitution?

d. National Bank: Yes or No?

e. Great Britain or France?

Believed rich, educated white men should lead nation

• Wanted an economy based on manufacturing, shipping, and trade

• Loose construction

• Pro National Bank

• Great Britain

Thomas Jefferson and the Democratic-Republican Party

a. Who should lead the country?

b. What is the ideal economy?

c. Loose or Strict construction of the Constitution?

d. National Bank: Yes or No?

e. Great Britain or France?

Thomas Jefferson and the Democratic-Republican Party

• Felt all white men should have the ability to lead the nation

• Ideal economy based on agriculture

• Strict construction of the Constitution

• Against the National Bank

• France

What event led to the addition of the 12th Amendment to the US Constitution?

Election of 1800 when Jefferson and Burr tied