HA- breast

Superior lateral corner of breast tissue is called what

Axillary tail of Spence

areola contains small elevated sebaceous glands that secrete a protective lipid material during lactation called ....

Montgomery

more darkly pigmented than rest of breast surface

nipple and areola

Female breasts aka mammary glands are .... organs

accessory reproductive organs

breast tissue and structures are located between which ribs

2nd and 6th

breasts are made up of 3 kinds of tissues

glandular, fibrous, and adipose

Glandular tissue contains how many lobes

15-20

Glandular tissue contains 15-20 lobes that are made up of

lobules

Glandular tissue contains 15-20 lobes that are made up of lobules. Within each lobule are clusters of

alveoli

Glandular tissue contains 15-20 lobes that are made up of lobules. Within each lobule are clusters of alveoli that produce what

milk

Each lobule empties into a ....

lactiferous duct

Each lobule empties into a lactiferous duct and these ducts form a ... system

collecting duct

the area behind the nipple that stores the milk

ampulle/ lactiferous sinus

fibrous connective tissue that extend vertically attaching the breast to the chest wall.

Suspensory ligaments or Cooper ligaments

The lobes of the breast are embedded with what kind of tissue - provide bulk of breast.

adipose

projects up into the axilla close to the axillary lymph nodes

Tail of Spence

breast is divided into 4 quadrants:

-Upper outer quadrant

-Upper inner quadrant

-Lower outer quadrant

-Lower inner quadrant

Most breast tumors are found in which quadrant

the upper outer

breast has extensive ....

lymphatic drainage

breast - 4 groups of axiallary nodes:

-Central axillary nodes

-Pectoral (Anterior)

-Subscapular (posterior)

- Lateral

In embryonic life the breasts develop along this ridge over the thorax and the rest atrophies.

"milk lines" ( epidermal ridges)

Occasionally a false nipple remains called what

the supernumerary nipple

At birth the only breast structures present are what

the lactiferous ducts within the nipple

Nipple is inverted flat and rises above the skin when

during childhood.

Adolescent- the breast enlarges as a result of what

extensive fat deposition.

Breast tissue formation is normally between what ages

8-10 years

Breast tissue formation is normally between 8-10 years and has been trending earlier in life due to what

to the obesity epidemic.

adolescent: .... hormones stimulate breast changes

estrogen

beginning of breast development

thelarche

Thelarche precedes what?

menarche

(beginning of menses)

menarche

Pregnancy causes breast changes in the which month and are often an early sign of pregnancy.

second

in pregnancy: Ductal system is expanded and what form.

secretory alveoli

in pregnancy: Nipples are larger and darker and what become more prominent

the tubercles

the precursor to milk and forms the first few days after delivery

colostrum

Colostrum is the same as milk but less what

fat

colostrum is rich in what?

antibodies to protect against infection

After menopause ovarian secretion of estrogen and progesterone decrease which causes what

breast tissue to atrophy

in menopause, breast tissue atrophy is replaced with what?

fibrous connective tissue

in aging adult.. what hair decreases?

axillary

in aging adult, .... around the nipple are more palpable

lactiferous ducts

benign growth of breast tissue in males which occurs during adolescence-temporary

gynecomastia

male breast - what kind of structure

rudimentary

Today ....% of breast cancer patients are less likely to die due to advances in treatment and detection.

50

Mammography guidelines .... for average risk.

40-44

mammography guidelines: annual for all at age what

45

Breast cancer tumor suppressor genes termed what

BRCA1 and BRCA2

•Second major cause of death from cancer in women

breast cancer

objective data - breast exam - equipment needed:

small pillow, ruler marked in cm, pamphlet for teaching aid for BSE

objective data - breast exam - during palpation woman is

supine

objective data - breast exam - screen for this which is park of the skin or nipple that looks likes like its being pulled forward

retraction

breast exam: asymmetry, distortion, or decreased mobility with elevation of arms would be described as

fixation

objective data - breast exam - lift arm and support it - use which hand?

R

objective data - breast exam - palpation: •Reach fingers high into .... and move firmly down

axilla

objective data - breast exam - palpation: use what part/which fingers?

pads of first 3 fingers

objective data - breast exam - palpation: use what kind of pattern?

vertical strip

Best time to perform BSE is when

right after the menstrual period - day 4-7 of cycle

•Best time to perform BSE is right after the menstrual period (day 4 to 7 of the cycle) when the breasts are ....

the smallest and least congested

male breast exam: •usually presents with painless, firm, retroareolar lump; may see nipple discharge (clear or bloody), ulceration, retraction, axillary lymphadenopathy; rare

male breast cancer

for male breast exam combine it with which other exam

anterior thorax

male breast cancer is rare. 1 out of what? diagnosed

1/100

not a disease of itself a symptom of something else. Caused by swelling but evenly spaced pores on your skin hold spots down like buttons on a cushion forming little holes or pits like the skin of an orange

peau d'orange

abnormal findings breast exam - deviations in what

nipple pointing

produces sticky purulent discharge-cream, green or bloody. Duct secretion is blocked; benign non-cancerous and is caused by widened milk ducts whose walls thicken

mammary duct ectasia

discrete benign tumors with seros discharge . Often a palpable nodule in underlying duct.

intraductal papilloma

bloody nipple discharge is a symptom of what

carcinoma

Unilateral clear yellow discharge, dry and scaling. Nipple becomes reddened and ulcerated

intraductal carcinoma

due to poor latching , ineffective suckling or infrequent nursing- not infectious

plugged duct

rare and is a complication of generalized infection - nipple edema

breast abscess

uncommon; inflammatory mass before abscess. Infection or milk stasis and blocked duct

mastitis

when estrogen > testosterone. Occurs with Cushing syndrome, liver cirrhosis (estrogens not metabolized) adrenal disease, hyperthyroidism, numerous drugs: ETOH, Marijuana, estrogen treatments for prostate cancer ABX

gynecomastia

Less than ...% of breast cancers occur in men.

1%