Ap World Ch. 11 Questions

What factors most contributed to the development of the Renaissance in Italy during the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries?

Italy's urban, commercial economy and competitive city-state politics

During the Renaissance, how did Northern humanists differ from their counterparts in Southern Europe?

northern humanists were more religious

One major factor that promoted greater commercialization in Western Europe during the sixteenth century was __________.

price inflation

One common characteristic shared by different proletarians in Western Europe was that all of them __________.

owned no wealth-producing property

Which of the following best describes the Scientific Revolution that took place in Europe during the Early Modern period?

contributions were made by scientists from all parts of Europe

How did England and Holland differ politically from other European countries such as France and Spain?

England and Holland were parliamentary monarchies

The German monk who initiated the Protestant Reformation in 1517 by nailing 95 theses to the door of the Wittenberg church was __________.

Martin Luther

The theory that the planets rotated around the sun rather than the earth was generated by __________.

Nicolaus Copernicus

Vesalius and William Harvey focused their scientific research mainly on __________.

The human body

King Louis XIV of France best epitomized __________ when he declared, "I am the state."

absolute monarchy

Prussia's development as a powerful nation-state during the eighteenth century took place under the leadership of __________.

Frederick the Great

The increase of international contacts in trade that began in the sixteenth century but did not yet involve intense exchanges between all regions of the world is known as __________.

proto-globalization

One common feature shared by Italian Renaissance artists Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo as well as political leader Niccolo Machiavelli was __________.

a sense of realism based on classical principles

Which of the following statements best describes the political situation in Western Europe during the first half of the eighteenth century?

absolute and parliamentary monarchies persisted while political innovation slowed

Enlightenment ideas that rational laws could describe social as well as physical behavior and that knowledge could be used to improve policy were exemplified through the __________.

development of a capitalist economic system and new methods of prison reform

What can be said of the Renaissance's impact outside of Italy?

Monarchs were still confined by the political powers of feudal lords

Marriage and family patterns in Renaissance Europe were characterized by __________.

a controlled birth rate

What was the result of Martin Luther's breach of Christian unity through the initiation of the Protestant Reformation in Europe?

other Protestant groups, such as the Anglican church and the Calvinists, broke away from the Catholic church

One similarity shared by Protestants and Catholics during their reformations was __________.

their attacks on superstitions and magic

The combination of inflation and colonialism during the Commercial Revolution in Western Europe resulted in __________.

the formation of the great trading companies

During the Commercial Revolution, most European peasants __________.

continued to engage in subsistence agriculture

Isaac Newton's Principia Mathematica was considered the capstone of the Scientific Revolution because Newton __________.

combined earlier astronomical and physical observations and theories in a framework of natural laws

John Locke argued that, by having people learn everything through senses and reason, they would realize that the power of government came from __________.

themselves

One characteristic of an absolute monarchy, as exemplified in Prussia's gain of new territory during the eighteenth century, was __________.

A professionalized army

The increase in consumer sales of processed products, such as refined sugar and coffee or tea, in Western Europe demonstrated that __________.

European colonies were playing a greater role in the lives of ordinary Europeans

What do the following lyrics from a peasant song composed during the Commercial Revolution imply about life in Europe at that time? "The whole country must be overturned, for we peasants are now to be the lords, it is we who will sit in the shade."

Europe was engulfed in social tension as proletarians called for new ideas about equality

The English parliament won basic sovereignty over its monarch through the __________.

Glorious Revolution

In Wealth of Nations, Adam Smith argued that __________ promoted general economic advance.

competition

Most of the debate over gender issues and conflicts tended to take place in __________.

the upper classes of Protestant nations, such as England

As a result of the intellectualism gained during the Enlightenment, __________ declined in popular culture.

magical beliefs

What is implied by the success that the Levelers, an English political group from the 1640s, had in getting over 100,000 signatures on a petition for political rights?

The public was committed to gaining equality before the law.

The factor most responsible for the rise of prices in Western Europe during the sixteenth century was the __________.

massive importation of gold and silver from Spanish mines in Latin America

How did the humanist movement that developed during the Renaissance affect traditional religion?

Humanists emphasized the superiority of classical thought over traditional religious tenets.

Joseph Sweatham's 1615 pamphlet The Araignment of Lewde, Idel, Froward, and Unconstant Women reflects a theme of __________ toward females of his time.

misogyny

Under parliamentary monarchies, kings share power with __________.

representatives selected by the nobility and upper urban classes

What was a sixteenth-century Englishman implying when he wrote that by the final decades of the century, a farmer might have "a fair garnish of pewter in his cupboard, three or four feather beds ... and a dozen spoons"?

European prosperity affected ordinary people as well as merchants.

As poverty rose during Western Europe's Commercial Revolution, what became the foremost public attitude toward the poor?

as part of a tougher approach toward poverty, the poor were blamed for moral failings

The works of Francis Bacon and René Descartes dealt more with __________ rather than the development of new scientific innovations.

Research and reason

How did new ideas generated by the Enlightenment change family lifestyles?

greater love and equality were shown toward women and children within the home

Which of the following was one of many Catholic practices that Martin Luther challenged during the Protestant Reformation?

Following the church sacraments gave the faithful a way to gain religious salvation.

One factor leading to a rapidly growing population in Western Europe during the late seventeenth century resulted from the spread of __________ that came from the Americas.

potatoes

Which of the following best exemplifies King Louis XIV's role as an absolute monarch?

passing laws without convening parliament

The French king Francis I's implementation of classical-style palaces and his military alliance with the Ottoman sultan against the Holy Roman emperor demonstrated the Northern Renaissance's influence on the __________.

nation-state's growth of political powers

Absolute monarchy in France became less effective during the eighteenth century because the __________.

aristocracy refused to surrender their traditional tax exemptions

The Edict of Nantes addressed religious conflict in Europe during the Protestant and Catholic Reformations by __________.

granting French Protestants religious toleration

Johannes Gutenberg was best known in Renaissance Europe for __________.

introducing moveable type

Which of the following would had been the most likely person to be accused and executed for witchcraft in Western Europe during the Commercial Revolution?

the wife of a poor manufacturer

How were Galileo Galilei's findings about the laws of gravity and planetary motion received by the nonscientific community in Western Europe?

Galileo was condemned by the Catholic church for his research.

Denis Diderot, Adam Smith, and Mary Wollstonecraft were all products of the __________.

Enlightenment

The leaders of Renaissance Italian city-states began sponsoring cultural activities mainly to __________.

Justify their rule by gaining greater public support

What can be said about social historians' perspectives on the role ordinary people have played throughout history?

Historians have not reached consensus on the role that ordinary people have played in history.

One effect of the development of European nation-states was __________.

greater loyalty from subjects who shared a common culture and language

Nicolaus Copernicus research on planetary motion was later built on by _______.

Johannes Kepler

How did the concept of Deism that developed during the Scientific Revolution reshape religious thinking?

God's role was redefined as being merely to set nature's laws in motion rather than to perpetually regulate them

After the end of a long series of religious wars in Europe during the Early Modern period, the decline of __________ most contributed to the rise of more powerful monarchs.

the powers of the nobility and the church