Vertical Farming and Agricultural Vocabulary

Vocabulary flashcards covering key agricultural, environmental, and technological terms and expressions from the lecture notes on vertical farming.

Conservative (adj)

Based on cautious or pessimistic assumptions rather than optimistic estimates.

Demographic (n/adj)

A statistical characteristic of a population, or relating to the study of human populations.

Crop (n)

Plants grown on a farm for food or other agricultural uses.

Lay waste to (verb phrase)

To completely destroy or damage something so that it is left desolate and unusable.

Land degradation (n)

The deterioration and decline in the productive capacity or quality of land.

Hothouse (n)

A greenhouse used for the cultivation of plants in a controlled environment.

Be in vogue (idiom)

To be fashionable, popular, or currently trending.

Scale up (verb phrase)

To increase the size, capacity, or scope of an operation or technology to accommodate greater needs.

Cutting-edge technologies (n)

The most advanced, innovative, and pioneering technological developments.

Multi-storey (adj)

Having multiple levels, floors, or stories.

Drastically (adv)

In a severe, substantial, or highly significant manner.

Proponent (n)

A person who advocates for, supports, or promotes an idea, proposal, or theory.

Year-round (adj/adv)

Continuing, available, or occurring throughout the entire year.

Urban renewal (n)

The redevelopment, improvement, and revitalization of urban areas.

Take something for granted (idiom)

To view something as obvious or guaranteed without recognizing or appreciating its true value.

Despoil (v)

To plunder, ruin, or strip an area of its natural resources or beauty.

Verdant (adj)

Lush, green, and abundantly covered with healthy vegetation.

Semi-arid (adj)

Characterized by very little annual rainfall and dry environmental conditions.

The elements (n)

Weather forces and atmospheric conditions, especially severe or harsh outdoor weather.

Subject (someone/something) to (verb phrase)

To cause or force an entity to undergo or endure harsh, difficult conditions.

Take a toll on (idiom)

To cause severe damage, suffering, or a cumulative negative impact on something.

Optimum (adj)

The most favorable, ideal, or effective condition for growth and success.

Crop failure (n)

The loss, ruin, or inability of agricultural plants to produce a harvestable yield.

Pests (n)

Destructive insects, animals, or organisms that attack and damage crops or food supplies.

Incidence (n)

The rate or number of new cases of a disease arising within a population over a given period.

Prevalence (n)

The total number of existing cases of a disease present at a particular point in time or duration.

Agricultural interface (n)

The intersection and zone of contact between human activity and the agricultural environment.

Composting (n)

The biological process of breaking down organic and non-edible materials into nutrient-rich organic fertilizer.

Cut out (phrasal verb)

To completely eliminate, remove, or omit something.

Drawback (n)

A major disadvantage, limitation, or negative feature of a proposal or system.

Prohibitively (adv)

To an extreme extent that prevents implementation, makes an action unfeasible, or bars adoption.

Aspiration (n)

A strong objective, ambition, or desired goal.

Detrimental (adj)

Causing definite harm, damage, or negative effects.

As regards (prepositional phrase)

Regarding, concerning, or with reference to a specific subject.

Implement (v)

To carry out, execute, or put a plan, proposal, or method into practice.

management practices

The methods, processes, strategies, or techniques applied by managers or operators to oversee, organize, and run production activities efficiently.

what is new is…

Used to introduce a novel aspect, a recent change, or an emerging trend regarding a topic.

to accommodate

To provide lodging, space, or sufficient room for someone or something; or to adapt/adjust to fit a particular condition or requirement.

the need to do something

The requirement, necessity, or obligation to carry out a specific action or task.

indoor farming

The practice of growing crops or plants indoors, often in controlled environments (such as greenhouses or vertical farms) using artificial lighting, climate control, and hydroponic or aeroponic systems.

approach to + N/Ving

A way of dealing with, addressing, or approaching a particular situation, problem, or task, followed by a noun or a verb ending in -ing.

employ (v)

To make use of or apply a particular method, tool, or strategy to achieve something.

One such + N

An expression used to introduce a specific example of the previously mentioned category or situation.

concept

An abstract idea, a general notion, or a principle underlying a specific topic or system.

in which = where

A relative pronoun construction used to refer to a place, situation, or system in which something happens.

amount of transportation

The total quantity, volume, or extent of moving goods, people, or materials from one place to another.

be situated in

To be located, placed, or positioned in a particular place or area.

eventual

Happening or existing at a later time or as a final result; ultimate.

sacrifice

To give up something valued for the sake of other considerations, priorities, or benefits.

1. It takes/took + someone + time + to do something

used to express the amount of time required for someone to complete an action or task.

along the way

During the course of a process, journey, or activity; while achieving a goal.

Example: We learned a lot of useful lessons along the way.

Turn + A + into + B

• Meaning: To change or transform something/someone from one state, form, or condition into another.

• Example: They plan to turn the abandoned warehouse into a vertical farm.

Live vertically in cities

Example: As urban populations grow, more people find ways to live vertically in cities.

evolve into

• Meaning: To develop or change gradually over time, usually into a more complex, advanced, or different form/state.

• Example: The small startup eventually evolved into a global technology corporation.

majority

• Meaning: The greater number or larger part of a group; more than half of the total.

• Example: The majority of students voted in favor of the new school policy.

shelter

A place that provides protection, cover, to protect someone or something from harm.

Example: The hikers sought shelter from the sudden heavy storm.

Can do no more than + V

• Used to say that someone cannot do anything further or take any extra action because they have reached the limit of their ability, resources, or authority.

• Example: We've tried everything we can, so now we can do no more than wait for their reply.

More often than not

• Most of the time; usually; on most occasions.

• Example: More often than not, it rains in this region during the afternoon.g

monsoon

• A seasonal wind in South and Southeast Asia that brings heavy rains, or the heavy rain season itself.

• Example: The region's agriculture heavily depends on the annual monsoon to water the crops.

claim

• To state that something is true or is a fact, often without providing definite proof; or to formally request or demand something (like money, land, or ownership).

• Example: The company claims that their new product is 100% eco-friendly.

be kept in

• Meaning: To be stored, contained, or confined inside a particular place, container, or condition.

• Example: Some delicate plants need to be kept in a greenhouse during winter.

weather-related

• Meaning: Caused by, connected with, or depending on the weather conditions.

• Example: The flight delays were mostly weather-related.

Herbicides

thuốc diệt cỏ

Pesticides

thuốc trừ sâu

Fertilisers

phân bón

Infectious diseases

• Disorders caused by organisms — such as bacteria, viruses, fungi or parasites — that can be passed directly or indirectly from one person to another.

• Example: Flu and COVID-19 are common infectious diseases that can spread rapidly in communities.

• (bệnh truyền nhiễm)

Acquire a disease

• Meaning: To contract, catch, or become infected with a disease or medical condition.

• Example: Not washing your hands frequently increases your risk of acquiring a disease.

• (mắc bệnh, nhiễm bệnh)

non-edible

• Meaning: Not safe, suitable, or fit for eating; poisonous or inedible.

• Example: Some bright red berries look attractive, but they are non-edible.

Tractors

A powerful motor vehicle with large rear wheels

(máy kéo, xe máy kéo)

Ploughs

cái cày, cuống cày

By + V-ing

bằng cách làm gì

Artificial light

Light produced by man-made sources (ánh sáng nhân tạo)

Would be exposed to

• Meaning: To be placed in a situation where one is left unprotected, vulnerable, or subjected to something (such as harsh weather, light, elements, or danger).

• Example: Without proper shelter, the delicate crops would be exposed to heavy frost.

Even so

• Meaning: Despite that; nevertheless; however. Used to introduce a fact or idea that qualifies or contrasts with what was just said.

• Example: The weather forecast predicted heavy rain; even so, they decided to go ahead with the outdoor event.

• (mặc dù vậy)

Far more

• Meaning: A great deal more; much more (used to emphasize a large difference or comparison).

• Example: Vertical farming uses far more technology and automated systems than traditional farming.

• (hơn rất nhiều)

likelihood

• Meaning: The chance or probability of something happening; the state of being likely.

• Example: There is a high likelihood of rain this afternoon, so don't forget to take an umbrella.(

• Khả năng (xảy ra điều gì đó)

Unless + clause

trừ khi, nếu không..

Example: Unless you water the plants regularly, they will dry up and die.

Rather A than B

• Used to express a preference for one thing (A) over another thing (B) (meaning would sooner or instead of).

• Example: Some consumers prefer to buy organic vegetables rather than conventionally grown ones than other types.

stacked

• Arranged in a pile or stack, one on top of another.

• Example: In vertical farming, crops are grown in stacked layers to maximize space efficiency.

tray

cái khay, vật dụng

rail

thanh ray, đường ray

in operation

• Meaning: Working, functioning, or being used actively at a particular time.

• Example: The new vertical farming system is currently in operation, producing fresh vegetables all year round.

It is not certain that

• Used to state that something is doubtful, not guaranteed, or cannot be known for sure at a given time.

• Example: It is not certain that vertical farming will completely replace traditional agriculture in the near future.

Be made to work

• To be forced, operated, or caused to function, perform a task, or do labor (often by external control or automation).

• Example: With the installation of new automated systems, the machinery can be made to work continuously without manual supervision.

undoubted

• Meaning: Definitely true or known to be true; certain; beyond any question or doubt.

• Example: The efficiency of vertical farming in saving water is a matter of undoubted fact.

Particularly

• Meaning: Especially; more than usual or more than others; to a higher degree.

• Example: Vertical farming is particularly useful in urban areas where land space is extremely limited.

(đặc biệt)

far more likely

• Meaning: Much more probable or having a significantly higher chance of happening.

• Example: With the advanced climate control systems, crops in vertical farms are far more likely to survive unexpected weather changes.

It is likely that + clause