Types of Chemical Bonding and Properties

Vocabulary flashcards covering the types, formation methods, structures, physical properties, and examples of chemical bonding.

Purpose of Chemical Bonding

Atoms form bonds because they are unstable when alone and become more stable when they bond with other atoms to obtain a full outer shell of $8$ valence electrons.

Valence Electrons

The outermost electrons in an atom.

Ionic Bonding (Types of Atoms)

Bonding that occurs between a metal and a nonmetal.

Covalent Bonding (Types of Atoms)

Bonding that occurs between nonmetals.

Metallic Bonding (Types of Atoms)

Bonding that occurs between metals.

Ionic Bond Formation Method

Transfer of electrons from a metal ($+$) to a nonmetal ($-$).

Covalent Bond Formation Method

Two atoms share valence electrons.

Metallic Bond Formation Method

Attraction of metal ions and delocalized electrons.

Crystal Lattice

The type of structure formed in ionic bonding.

Molecular Structure

The type of structure formed in covalent bonding, consisting of molecules.

"Sea of Electrons" Structure

The type of structure formed in metallic bonding.

Ionic Physical State at Room Temperature

Solids only (salts).

Covalent Physical State at Room Temperature

Gases, liquids, or solids.

Metallic Physical State at Room Temperature

Solids only.

Ionic Melting and Boiling Points

High, because it takes a lot of energy for all of the positive ($+$) and negative ($-$) charges to be pulled apart.

Covalent Melting and Boiling Points

Low, because molecules are easy to pull apart from one another.

Metallic Melting and Boiling Points

High, due to strong attraction between positively ($+$) charged metal ions and the surrounding negatively ($-$) charged delocalized electrons.

Ionic Water Solubility

Dissolves in water.

Covalent Water Solubility

Not very soluble in water.

Metallic Water Solubility

Does not dissolve in water.

Ionic Electrical Conductivity

Good conductors only when dissolved (or molten).

Covalent Electrical Conductivity

Do not conduct electricity.

Metallic Electrical Conductivity

Good conductors of electricity.

Ionic Compound Examples

$\text{NaCl}$ and $\text{CaCl}_2$.

Covalent Compound Examples

$\text{H}_2\text{O}$ and $\text{C}_{12}\text{H}_{22}\text{O}_{11}$.

Metallic Examples

$\text{Al}$ and $\text{Cu}$.