Urinary elimination, Bowl elimination, Nutrition

Urinary retention

Inability to completely empty the bladder.

Hematuria

Blood in the urine.

Post-void residual (PVR)

Person's bladder volume immediately after urination.

Urine culture and sensitivity (C&S)

Test to check for infection and determine effective antibiotics.

Indwelling catheter

A catheter that remains in the bladder for a period of time.

Clean-catch specimen

A urine sample collected midstream to avoid contamination.

Urinalysis (UA)

Basic test to evaluate urine composition and health.

BPH

Benign prostatic hyperplasia, an enlargement of the prostate.

Urinary incontinence

Loss of control over urination leading to involuntary loss of urine.

CAUTI

Catheter-associated urinary tract infection.

Urethral obstruction

Blockage in the urethra, preventing urine flow.

Vagal response

A physiological reaction that can cause fainting and a decrease in heart rate.

Bladder scan

Ultrasound to assess bladder volume and PVR.

Fecal impaction

Condition where stool becomes hardened and stuck in the rectum.

Metabolic acidosis

Condition characterized by an increased acid retention or production.

Clear liquids diet

Diet consisting only of clear fluids to prevent dehydration.

NPO

Nothing by mouth; a medical instruction for no food or drink.

NGT

Nasogastric tube used for feeding or decompression.

Aspiration

Inhalation of food, liquid, or saliva into the airway.

Dysphagia

Difficulty swallowing.

Enteral feeding

Method of delivering nutrition through the gastrointestinal tract.

Parenteral nutrition

Nutritional support given intravenously.

Fluid overload

Excess fluid in the body, leading to swelling and increased blood pressure.

Bowel obstruction

A blockage preventing the passage of bowel contents.

Urinary urgency

An intense need to urinate.

Intermittent catheterization

Insert and remove a catheter multiple times to drain urine.

Cognitive changes

Alterations in mental functions, such as memory or reasoning.

Skin breakdown

Damage to the skin, often due to moisture or pressure.

Nutritional screening

Assessment to evaluate an individual's nutritional status.

Scheduled voiding

Urination at set times to manage urinary retention.

Hyperactive reflexes

Increased reflex responses, often associated with electrolyte imbalances.

Fluids replacement

Administering fluids to restore volume in the body.

Stoma

An artificial opening in the body for the discharge of waste.

Psychosocial impact

Effect of social and psychological factors on an individual.