Colonialization & Revolution

What is architecture partant?

Speaking architecture: speaks of function through design

San Lorenzo de El Escorial Palace

Madrid, Spain

King Phillip II ; Juan Bautista de Toledo & Juan de Herrera

Spanish Renaissance

• As a religious complex in memorial to his father

• Also turns into a library; colony empire

• Undecorated style, strip down but balanced

• 4 stories, greek/Roman temple front

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What are the 5 elements to this plan?

San Lorenzo de El Escorial Palace (Floor Plan)

1. Courtyard

2. Church

3. College

4. Monastery

5. King’s Suite

Which early modern building is referenced in the plan of the church of the Escorial?

St. Peter’s Basilica

What and where is the New Spain?

Mexico; Latin America

What are Laws of the Indies?

Spanish colonial laws issued from the 16th to 17th centuries to govern their American and Philippine territories, regulating social, economic, and political life, with key aims including protecting Indigenous peoples

Drawing of the Plaza Mayor includes: Policia, republicas de espanoles, and republicas de indios. What are these terms?

1. colonial drawing signifies the presence of law enforcement or civic guards

2. section of the city, often around the main plaza, designated for Spanish-born settlers, Creoles

3. separate, officially recognized community or district for the Indigenous population, often located further from the central plaza but still within the city

What was the heart of the city called?

Policia; Polis(Greek)

Which architecture is used in The republicas of the Espanolas?

Renaissance styles but Neoclassical forms

Tequitqui

hybrid art and architecture of 16th-century New Spain

refers to the ancient, foundational pilgrimage routes

First Plan of Santiago de Leon

Caracass, Venezuela

Juan de Pimentel

• Urbanism is becoming more popular

• Central squares

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Middle passage

deadly sea journey where enslaved Africans were forcibly transported from West Africa across the Atlantic to the Americas as the middle leg of the Triangle Trade

Elmina Castle

Elmina, Ghana

Portuguese built

• Owned by Portuguese then taken over by Dutch

• Dutch used it as a slave outpost for west Africa

• British rulers take over the Dutch and Ghana gains independence from Britain in 1957

• Governor lived on the upper levels an the courts were used for “sorting slaves by gender“ / The door of no return (holding chambers)

Hacienda

variously plantations, mines or factories

Senzala

wellings for enslaved people on Brazilian plantations

Monticello

Albemarle County, Virginia

Thomas Jefferson

Neoclassical

• Creates home/plantation

• Uses neoclassical forms

• Perfect example of American ideals

• Land next to home used for agriculture

• Slave quarter spaces were given homes but small

Houses of enslaved people

Howard’s Neck, Virginia

American Vernacular

• Housing for slaves

• Gabled roof one room building with a central fire place

• Beleived to be built by the slaves thmeselves

• Recalinear housing

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Quarters of Enslaved People at Whitney Plantation

Wallace, Louisiana

• Devoted to showcase the lifestlye of the slaves

• Porch and 2 door entrance, still one room

What is the only revolution that instigated successfully in the Americas by enslaved blacks?

Haitian Revolution

Haitain Revolution

successful insurrection by rebellious self-liberated enslaved Africans against French colonial rule in Saint-Domingue