Rwanda History Multiple Choice Quiz Review

Flashcards based on the 18-question review quiz on Rwandan history, colonial impact, genocide, and post-genocide justice systems.

Which colonial power introduced identity cards distinguishing Hutu and Tutsi in Rwanda?

Belgium

Which 1959 event marked the first large-scale violence between Hutu and Tutsi?

The 1959 Rwandan Revolution (Social Revolution)

Which Rwandan political party dominated government under President Habyarimana?

MRND (National Revolutionary Movement for Development)

What was the RPF's main aim in invading Rwanda in 1990?

To secure the right of return for Tutsi refugees and force political reform and power-sharing

Which 1993 agreement attempted peace and power-sharing in Rwanda?

The Arusha Accords

What was RTLM's primary role during the genocide?

Broadcasting Hutu extremist propaganda, spreading hate speech, and inciting and coordinating killings

How did Hutu extremists justify violence against Tutsi during propaganda broadcasts?

By framing Tutsis as internal accomplices to the RPF invaders and presenting violence as necessary self-defense

Who were the Interahamwe?

A Hutu extremist youth militia backed by the ruling party that executed mass killings during the genocide

What event on April 6, 1994 triggered the genocide?

The shooting down of the plane carrying Rwandan President Juv)nal Habyarimana

Which group of people were also targeted alongside Tutsi during the genocide?

Moderate Hutus

Which location became infamous for a large-scale massacre in April 1994?

Nyarubuye Roman Catholic Church

Which peacekeepers were targeted early, leading to withdrawal?

Belgian UNAMIR peacekeepers

Who was the Canadian general commanding UNAMIR?

General Rom)o Dallaire

What was the purpose of Gacaca courts?

To process genocide suspects locally, speed up justice, establish truth, and foster community reconciliation

What was a key feature of the Gacaca courts introduced in 2002?

They were community-based courts led by elected local figures (Inyangamugayo) without formal legal representation

What was the jurisdiction of the ICTR?

Prosecuting individuals responsible for genocide and other serious violations of international humanitarian law committed in Rwanda during 1994

Why was Jean Kambanda's conviction significant?

He was the former Prime Minister of Rwanda and became the first head of government convicted of genocide by an international court

What precedent was set by the conviction of the "Media Trial" defendants (Nahimana and Ngeze)?

It established that media executives and journalists can be held criminally responsible under international law for direct and public incitement to genocide