Part 10 - Periodic Table

• s-block

• p-block

2 blocks under representative elements

d-block

block under transition elements

f-block

block under lanthanide and actinide series

bridge elements

second period elements that show similar chemical and physical properties to diagonally placed elements in the third period

metalloids

• zigzag line

• half metal, half non-metal

• Boron (B)

• Silicon (Si)

• Germanium (Ge)

• Arsenic (As)

• Antimony (Sb)

• Tellerium (Te)

• Polonium (Pb)

7 metalloids

metals

• found on the left side of the periodic table

• tend to lose electrons

• good conductors of heat & electricity

• lustrous, ductile, malleable

• high density and MP

non-metals

• found on the right side of periodic table (except hydrogen (left)

• poor conductors of heat & electricity

• dull & brittle if solid

• low density and MP

basic oxides / anhydrides

metals form ____ oxides / ____

acidic oxides

non-metals form ____

electronegativity

ability of an element to attract electrons to itself

electron affinity

energy gained by an atom when an electron is added to it

ionization energy / potential

amount of energy required to remove an electron from a neutral atom

• metallic property

• radius (size)

periodic trend of top to bottom, right to left (increasing)

• ionization energy

• nonmetallic property

• electronegativity

• affinity (electron)

periodic trend of bottom to top, left to right (increasing)

Antoine Laurent Lavoisier

• he conceptualized the first true periodic table

• 33 elements present at his time

Johann Wolfgang Dobereiner

• he proposed the law of triads

• invented the first lighter, ‘—- lamp’

John Newlands

he proposed the law of octaves

Meyer & Mendeleev

they arranged the periodic table by increasing mass number

Henry Moseley

he arranged the modern periodic table of elements by increasing atomic number

• eka-aluminum (gallium)

• eka-silicon (germanium)

• eka-manganese (technetium)

• eka-boron (scandium)

4 predicted elements by Mendeleev

Paul Boisbaudran

gallium was discovered by _____

• O (1st )

• Si (2nd)

• Al (3rd)

most abundant elements on earth?

silicon

most abundant metalloid on earth

aluminum

most abundant metal on earth

hydrogen

most abundant element in the universe

astatine

rarest element

FeO

what oxide is NOT acidic with water?

atomic size

going across a period from left to right and from bottom to top in the periodic table, what periodicity law decreases?