PSYCH Exam 4

personality

a pattern of enduring distinct, thoughts, emotions, and behaviors that characterize the way an individual adapts to the world

Identify Freuds three levels of awareness

1- conscious, 2- preconscious, 3- unconcious

What are freuds three personality systems

Id, Ego, and superego

define mechanism

technique used by the ego to defend against anxiety/fear and to maintain self-esteem

What is the repression defense mechanism?

forget the unacceptable

What is the denial defense mechanism?

disbelieve present reality

What is the projection defense mechanism?

attribute own faults to others

What is the displacement defense mechanism?

shift feeling to a new object

What is the reaction formation defense mechanism?

experience opposite of actual desire

what is the sublimation defense mechanism?

transform vile into valuable

What are the criticisms of Freuds theories of personality?

lack of scientific evidence, over-reliance on case studies of disturbed individuals, biased against women

describe rogers theories of personalities

self-concept, positive regard

what are the criticisms of rogers theory of personality?

difficult to test, lack of scientific evidence, lack of dynamic view of human beings

define trait

a relatively stable disposition to behave in a particular and consistent way

describe openness to experience?

inventive, curious, variety, emotion, art, adventure

describe conscientiousness?

self-disciplined, organized, planned

describe extraversion

outgoing, positive emotions, social

describe agreeableness

friendly, cooperative, compassionate, helpful

describe neuroticism

sensitive, negative emotions easily, nervous

what are the criticisms of trait theories of personality

Lacks the ability to provide psychologists with a complete understanding of individual differences in personality

what is reciprocal determinism

Interaction between behavior, personal characteristics, and the environment

What is the person-situation controversy?

is behavior caused more by personality or by situational factors?

What is the CAPS model of personality?

interconnections among the person, situation, and interaction between person and situation 

what are the criticisms for social cognitive theories of personality?

too concerned with change and the situation, specific predictions hinder generalization

describe sociocultural theories of personality

the theories describe how culture is an important environmental factor that shapes personality

examples of cross-cultural differences in personality traits

Asia- lower extroversion, central and south america- higher openness to experience, europe- higher neuroticism

what are the criticisms of sociocultureal theories of personality?

less emphasis on role of the individual in determining personality

identify biological theories of personality

brain damage, temperament, and heritability

what is temperament?

innate traits that influence how one thinks, behaves, and reacts with the environment

what are the criticisms of biological theories of personality

biology may be the effect, not the cause

what is the personality inventories personality assessments

self-report questionaries ask people to dictate how much or how little certain statements represent them

what are the projective techniques personality assessments

standardized sets of ambiguous stimuli designed to reveal inner aspects of an individual’s personality

what are the limitations for personality inventories

social desirability and we are not a great judge of our own personality

what are the limitations of projective techniques

open to subjective interpretation and experiment bias, limited empirical support

define social psychology

subfield of psychology that examines how people think about, influence, and relate to other people

define social cognition

involves paying attention to, thinking about, and recalling bits and pieces of information about ourselves and others