Limnology Chapter 4

use for exam 1

what are ecomorphs?

trophic level is a collection of species doing a similar function, but each with a different niche

• usually not closely related

• ex) bluegill, sickled fish, and damsel fish all look related but they’re not

explain this graph

Energy flow through a Georgia salt marsh.  Numbers are kilocalories or percentages of flows.  About 6% is captured by primary producers

• 93% of energy is lost

• not a diverse ecosystem shown

what is the fourth law of thermodynamics?

genetics are the underlying mechanism of evolution

• organism metabolism is the foundation

what is community metabolism?

Measuring the total metabolism of a community just like an individual organism

• measure by: (photosynthesis/respiration) ratio

• photosynethsis outrank resp= adding to mass respiration

• resp outrank photosynthesis= in a state of decay

  • P/R falling below 1= many nutrients so theres decay

explain the following graph

Anything on the line is 0

• Circle A is a clear oligotrophic lake due to falling below 1 and lack nutrients

• Circle B: respiration is higher; the lake is more eutrophic

• Circle B: is eutrophic

what is Saprobity

The total of all energy consumption processes

• Usually used today as a measure of pollution

what is Allotrophy?

conditions where the main energy source comes from outside the lake

what is Anemotrophy

allotrophic, arid land pools that receive most of their carbon compounds from the wind

what is Argillotrophy?

low diversity fauna suspended on clayey detritus

who brought up the concept of the 10% energy transfer?

Lindeman (1941, 1942): classic papers in trophic ecology

• difficult to measure

Biomass

Usually expressed as an Eltonian pyramid (Elton, 1972)

Whos the goat of ecology

raymond lindeman

using the following graph, who has the highest annual production and whats related to the definition of turnovers per year?

the graph doesnt follow the 10% rule bc it’s not describing energy, it describes the annual biomass

• phytoplankton

who brought up the concept of the relationship between cholorphyll and photosynthesis?

Ryther and Yentsch (1957) demonstrated that a tight relationship exists between chlorophyll and photosynthesis at any given light intensity

• did it with assimilation numbers

• demonstrated how efficient photosynthesis is

What effects photosynthesis levels?

As phytoplankton density increases, shading increases

•Nutrients

•Temperature

•Age of cells

•Adaptation of cells

Why is measuring photosynthesis important?

•Deals with estimates of climate change (carbon fixation)

•Gives us an efficiency target for making solar panels (photovoltaic cells)

what is Organotrophy?

Does not represent primary productivity

• Mixotrophy: the ability to use both organic and inorganic carbon sources

what are allen curves?

they’re commonly used

• useful to compile data already collected, but to forecast biomass and production over some time horizon

• graph shows r-selected organism

what did Edmonson and rotifers (1960) reveal?

How much mass there is

• reveals nothing of birth or death rate

wtf is this graph and what does it reveal?

some species are temperature dependent

• energy budges as estimations of secondary production

• (Production/food consumed) ratio: feed conversion ratio

  • cows worst

  • fish best

explain this graph

size proporation to organism and its mass

• they change their body by season

• Introduction of Mysis shrimp increases productivity thru puttin more species and increasing primary production

what is Cyclomorphosis

be able to change body form based on seasons

ex) Rotifers and cladocerans